biology 4.5.3.2 : control of blood glucose concentration

Insulin

A protein hormone synthesized in the pancreas that regulates blood sugar levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into tissues

blood glucose

Glucose, or blood sugar, is a type of simple carbohydrate.

Glucagon

A hormone secreted by the pancreatic alpha cells that increases blood glucose concentration

role of liver in relation to blood glucose

The liver acts as the body's glucose (or fuel) reservoir, and helps to keep your circulating blood sugar levels and other body fuels steady and constant.

type 1 diabetes

disorder in which the body cannot produce enough insulin

type 1 diabetes treatments

Taking insulin

Exercising regularly and maintaining a healthy weight

Eating healthy foods

Monitoring blood sugar

type 1 diabetes symptoms

frequent urination; unusual thirst; extreme hunger; unusual weight loss; extreme fatigue; irritability

type 2 diabetes

progressive disorder in which body cells become less responsive to insulin

type 2 diabetes symptoms

Frequent urination

Increased thirst

Fatigue, tiredness

Sudden weight loss

Itching around the genitals

Slow healing cuts or wounds

Blurred vision

type 2 diabetes treatments

-healthy eating

-regular exercise

-possibly diabetes medication or insulin therapy

-blood sugar monitoring

similarities between type 1 and type 2 diabetes

Type 1 and type 2 share many symptoms when they first present, such as extreme thirst, fatigue, and frequent urination. Blood Sugar Monitoring. Type 1 and 2 diabetes can lead to other health conditions, including heart disease, kidney disease, and vision problems. Diet is important for managing any type of diabetes.

differences between type 1 and type 2 diabetes

Type 1- no insulin, born with (usually)

Type 2-insulin resistance doesn't allow insulin to its job efficiently, weight and amt. of activity are factors

negative feedback loop

A feedback loop in which a system responds to a change by returning to its original state, or by decreasing the rate at which the change is occurring.

how glucagon reacts with insulin in the body in a negative feedback loop

Glucagon works to counterbalance the actions of insulin. About 4-6 hours after you eat, the glucose levels in your blood decrease. This triggers your pancreas to produce glucagon. This hormone signals your liver and muscle cells to convert the stored glycogen back into glucose.