Exercise, Self-Esteem & Body Image Lecture Notes

Flashcards covering key concepts from a lecture on exercise, self-esteem, and body image, including proposed models, meta-analysis interpretation, and specific findings in youth and adult populations.

Proposed Model of Exercise Effects on Self-Esteem

A model suggesting that changes in physical fitness/exercise self-efficacy impact subdomains of physical self-esteem, which then influence physical self-esteem, ultimately changing global self-esteem.

Meta-analysis

A statistical method that produces an overall effect size for a relationship or effect between variables, often testing for moderators.

Correlation

A type of effect size indicating the strength and direction of a relationship between two variables.

Cohen's d

A type of effect size representing the standardized mean difference between groups.

Odds Ratio

A type of effect size indicating the likelihood of an outcome in one group versus another.

Risk Ratio

A type of effect size indicating the relative probability of an event in one group versus another.

Heterogeneity (in Meta-analysis)

Differences in size or direction of individual study effects within a meta-analysis, which can signal the presence of moderating variables.

File-Drawer Effect

A phenomenon that can skew the perception of true effects due to publication bias, where studies with non-significant results may not be published.

Publication Bias

The unbalanced publication or reporting of scientific evidence that favors or disputes a particular relationship, contributing to the file-drawer effect.

Forrest Plot

A graphical representation specific to meta-analysis that displays the effect size and confidence interval for each included study, as well as the overall summary effect size.

Physical Activity and Physical Self-Concept in Youth

Physical activity in youth is associated with general physical self-concept (stronger in males and early adolescents), perceived physical competence, perceived fitness, and perceived appearance (strongest in early adolescence).

Exercise Interventions for Youth Self-Esteem

Physical activity interventions appear to improve general self-concept and self-esteem in children and adolescents, with stronger effects observed in school/gymnasium settings.

Resistance Training Effects in Youth

Resistance training interventions benefit global self-esteem, physical self-worth, perceived physical strength, and resistance training self-efficacy in adolescents.

Exercise Effects on Body Image in Adults

Exercise interventions may have the greatest effect on body image among adults, with stronger effects for females and those who are overweight, and a supported dose-response for exercise frequency.

Importance of Self-Concept Facets

The more importance an individual places on a specific facet of their self-concept, the greater the impact changes in that facet will have on their global self-esteem.