MED ORG ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS

Introduced antiseptic (not used in early days) principles for use in surgery and posttraumatic injury. Caused a dramatic decrease in the incidence of postsurgical infections

Joseph Lister

Joseph Lister used ___ as a wash for the hands, as a spray on an incision site and on bandages applied to wounds

phenol (carbolic acid)

mouthwash named after J. Lister

Listerine

Discovered that the ___ and ___ could stain target cells SELECTIVELY and that the antimicrobial properties of the ___ paralleled the staining activity.

Paul Ehrlich

dyes

arsenicals

dyes

Paul Ehrlich made a breakthrough in the treatment of serious, previously untreatable disease

Compound 606/Salvarsan

Syphilis – Treponema pallidum

The property of certain substance to kill one type of organism while not harming another

SELECTIVE TOXICITY

requirement for all anti-infectives

do not harm the host, but eliminate / damage infecting microorganisms

anything that we use to prevent contamination and to kill microorganisms

ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS

anti-infective agents that are used locally.

Germicides

compounds that kill (-cidal) or prevent the growth of (-static) microorganisms when applied to living tissue.

Antiseptics

an agent that prevents transmission of infection by the destruction of pathogenic microorganisms when applied to inanimate objects

Disinfectant

PROPERTIES OF IDEAL ANTISEPTIC

1. Low toxicity – can used directly on skin or wounds

2. Exert a rapid and sustained lethal action

3. Low surface tension – spread into the wound

4. Retain activity in the presence of body fluids

5. Non-irritating to tissues.

6. Non-allergenic.

7. Lacks systemic toxicity

8. Does not interfere with healing

Rapid lethal action against all potentially pathogenic microorganisms and spores and a Good penetrating prop. into organic matter. What are its other properties?

IDEAL DISINFECTANT

Compatibility w/ organic compounds (soaps)

Not activated by living tissue

Non-corrosive

Aesthetically pleasing (nonstaining and odorless).

___ Denature important ___ and ___ (or precipitate proteins and break carbohydrates)

LOCAL ANTI-INFECTIVE / GERMICIDES

CHON’s

CHO’s

Antibacterial potencies of ___ (against ___) increase w/ MW up to ___

primary alcohols

Staphylococcus aureus

C8

limit for alcohol when it comes to water solubility.

C8

>8 = insoluble in water

In ALCOHOLS (LOCAL ANTI-INFECTIVE / GERMICIDES) ___ decreases antibacterial potency. As water solubility ___, antimicrobial potency ___ with MW

Branching

decreases

diminishes

hierarchy of alcohol (low to high)

Primary Alc

Secondary Alc

Tertiary Alc

most reliable; only one carbon attached e.g. ___

Primary alcohol

ethanol