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What is the purpose of assessment?
Identify, diagnose, understand
What are the reasons for doing an assessment?
Standardized score, treatment plan, diagnosis
What do assessments help SLPs identify?
Communication disorders
How do assessments help with communication disorders?
Determine severity, impact
How does assessment benefit treatment planning?
Individualized plans
Why is ongoing assessment important?
Monitor, adjust treatment
What are the legal and ethical obligations for SLPs?
Required assessments
What is the continuous assessment process?
Assessment, planning, monitoring
What are the characteristics of screening?
Brief, general, does not diagnose
What is the purpose of screening?
To determine risk or likelihood of a disorder
What are the characteristics of an assessment or evaluation?
Thorough, variety of methods, evidence-based
What is important for individualized assessment?
Age, gender, skill level, ethnocultural background
What is the purpose of the ICF?
Framework in Speech-Language Pathology
Who developed the ICF?
World Health Organization
What does the ICF aim to provide?
Holistic view of health
What are the components of functioning and disability in the ICF?
Body functions, activity, participation
What do environmental factors in the ICF refer to?
Factors outside personal control
What is the evaluation purpose?
Diagnose and characterize disorder
What is typically administered to large groups?
Screening
What is the outcome of comprehensive evaluation?
Detailed diagnosis and plan
What does 'participation' refer to in the ICF?
Involvement in life situations
What constitutes the environment people live in?
Physical, social, attitudinal
What are personal factors?
Race, gender, age, education
How can environments affect functioning?
Facilitators or barriers
What do coping styles fall under?
Personal factors
What are the categorizations in the ICF?
Body function and structure, Activity and participation
Give examples of 'Body function and structure' in the ICF.
Function: cranial nerves; Structure: cleft lip
What are examples of 'Activity and participation' in the ICF?
Activity: swallow bolus; Participation: eat in a classroom
What are the two classifications used in ICF?
Environmental and personal factors
What is the name of the scale that measures knowledge, abilities, attitudes, and personality traits?
Psychometrics
What is the main goal of psychometrics?
Decide when and what test to give
What are the four scales of measurement?
Nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio
What type of data is marital status?
Nominal
What is an example of ordinal data?
Severity levels of a disorder
What type of measure is an IQ score?
Interval
What type of data has equal intervals and a true zero point?
Ratio
What kind of data do reaction times represent?
Ratio
Give an example of quantitative measurements in speech disorders.
Frequency of stuttering episodes
What is a qualitative measurement in speech disorders?
Descriptions or categories of errors
What does validity measure?
Degree of assessment accuracy
What is the importance of validity in psychometrics?
Crucial concept
What complex constructs are measured?
Language comprehension, social communication
What must researchers demonstrate to establish validity?
Captures real-world communication
What is construct validity?
Measures theoretical construct
Why is construct validity important?
Measuring non-observable traits
What should be ensured for construct validity?
Well-defined construct
What should alignment be with in test design?
Theoretical grounding
What is factor analysis?
Identifies underlying structure
What supports convergent validity?
High correlations with similar measures
What supports discriminant validity?
Low correlations with dissimilar measures
What is criterion-related validity?
Predicts performance/outcomes
What are the types of criterion-related validity?
Concurrent and predictive
What is content validity?
Measures all aspects of construct
Why is high content validity important?
Accurate diagnosis and comprehensive assessment
What is ecological validity?
Generalizes to real-world settings
How does high ecological validity help therapy?
Tailors therapy to everyday life
What is face validity?
Extent a test seems to measure what it should.
What does reliability refer to?
Consistency of test results.
Why does reliability matter?
Ensures trust in test results.
What are the different types of reliability?
Inter-rater, Test-retest, Internal consistency.
What do sensitivity and specificity measure?
Test accuracy and performance.
What do sensitivity and specificity tell us?
Effectiveness of a test.
What are key components of test construction?
Design, validation, scoring.
What was the outcome after 6 months of intervention?
Improved speech clarity
What change did Emily show in classroom participation?
More confident participation
Who can Emily communicate with after the intervention?
Peers and adults
What do outcomes identify?
Physical impairments
What physical impairment is mentioned?
Weak tongue movement
What does the Participation Assessment explore?
Impact on school and social
What motivates Alex?
Alex's motivation
What does the treatment plan address?
Participation in class
How do norm-referenced assessments function?
Compare to normative group
What are scores interpreted relative to?
Performance of others
What examples of standardized tests are mentioned?
CELF
What do criterion-referenced assessments measure?
Against predefined criteria
What types of ranks result from score interpretation?
Percentile ranks
Why are standardized tests useful?
Identify comparison to peers
What is performance assessment?
Measures specific skills or knowledge against predetermined standards.
Why are performance assessments valuable?
Determine mastery of skills and concepts.
What is validity in testing?
Accuracy of a test in measuring what it claims to measure.
What are the different types of validity?
Content, construct, concurrent, predictive.
What is Content Validity?
Covers all relevant parts
What does Construct Validity evaluate?
Measures theoretical construct
What does Criterion-Related Validity assess?
Predicts outcomes based on measures
What is Predictive Validity?
Predicts future performance
What is Concurrent Validity?
Correlates with established measures
What is reliability in testing?
Consistency and stability
What does a reliable test yield?
Similar results
What is Test-Retest Reliability?
Stability over time
What does Inter-Rater Reliability assess?
Consistency among evaluators
What does Internal Consistency evaluate?
Similar results from test parts
How is Internal Consistency often measured?
Cronbach's alpha
What does Alternate Forms Reliability examine?
Results from different test forms
What do Measures of Central Tendency describe?
Center point of data set
What is the mean?
Average score
How is the mean calculated?
Sum scores, divide by count
What is the median?
Middle score
How is the median determined?
Ordered scores
What is the mode?
Most frequent score
What are Raw Scores?
Initial scores from the test
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