Midterm MASTER Review-Child Language Development 6400

Vocabulary flashcards based on key concepts from the Child Language Development lecture notes.

Morpheme

The smallest unit of meaning in a language, which can be free or bound.

Free Morpheme

A morpheme that can stand alone as a word.

Bound Morpheme

A morpheme that cannot stand alone and must be attached to another morpheme.

Derivational Morpheme

A bound morpheme that creates a new word by changing the meaning or grammatical category of a base.re-: react, rewrite en-: enact, enrage or ly: slowly, happily -ness: happiness, goodness, kindness ( affixes which modify the base word's meaning or function).

Inflectional Morpheme

A bound morpheme that changes a grammatical form without changing its core meaning.(suffixes, s for plural ("cat" to "cats") or -ed for past tense ("walk" to "walked").

Language Modalities

The various forms through which language can be expressed, including speaking, listening, reading, and writing.

Hart + Riley’s Five Quality Features

Key characteristics that enhance parent-child interactions in language development are:

1. Quantity of Language: The amount of language exposure.

2. Quality of Language: The richness and complexity of language input.

3. Responsiveness: How caregivers respond to children’s communications.

4. Engagement: Active involvement in interactions.

5. Interaction: Opportunities for reciprocal exchanges.

Language Variation and Diversity

The differences in language use among different groups, influenced by culture, region, and social factors.

Academic English Register

The formal style of language used in academic contexts.(Formal Academic English)

Types of Bilingualism

Different categories of bilingualism are:

*Simultaneous Bilingualism: Learning two languages from birth and sequential bilingualism.

*Sequential Bilingualism: Learning a second language after the first is already established.

Code Switching

The practice of alternating between two or more languages or dialects in conversation.

Motherese(CDC-Child Directive Speech)

The simplified and exaggerated speech style used by caregivers when talking to young children.

Child Directed Speech (Motherese)

EXAGGERATED AND SLOW TEMPO AND HIGHER PITCH.

Prosody

The rhythm, stress, and intonation of speech that aids in conveying meaning.

Receptive Language Development

The ability to understand and process language.

Expressive Language Development

The ability to produce and communicate language.

Stages of Vocalizations

The developmental milestones in how infants produce sounds, including:

Reflexive/Vegetative Sounds (birth to 2 months):

This initial stage consists of involuntary sounds like crying, coughing, and burping, which babies use to communicate basic needs. 

• Cooing and Laughter (2 to 4 months):

  As babies gain control, they begin to produce vowel-like sounds and laughter, signaling contentment and relaxation. 

• Vocal Play (4 to 6 months):

  This phase involves experimentation with sounds, including squeals, growls, and extended vowels and consonants, while gaining more control over their vocal mechanisms. 

• Canonical Babbling (6 to 9 months):

  Babies start to produce reduplicated syllables, such as "bababa" and "mamama," with more adult-like timing. (varigated/reflexive)

• Variegated Babbling (10 months to 1 year):

  Babbling becomes more complex and varied, with the combination of different consonant-vowel syllables like "ba-de-da". 

• Jargon and First Words (10 months and older):

  This stage involves the use of "nonsense speech" that sounds like a conversation, and the first meaningful words begin to appear around the baby's first birthday. 

Fast Mapping

A process by which children quickly learn a new word after only a brief encounter with it.

Early Appearing Morphological Structures

The first recognizably correct uses of morphemes by children in their speech.

Stage I Sentence Types

The simplest types of sentences produced by toddlers typically consist of single words or two-word combinations.

Parent Engagement Routines

Strategies suggested for parents to encourage language interaction with their infants and toddlers.