Chapter 1 - Learning About Life

Biology

The scientific study of living organisms both large and small.

The Nature of Science

The driving force is curiosity or inquiry. The thinking is objective or based in fact rather than opinion.

Evidence

The most valued method of discovering scientific “facts”.

Data

Recorded observations about a subject matter. The evidence scientific inquiry is based on.

The Scientific Method

1.) Observation

2.) Question

3.) Hypothesis

4.) Results

5.) Conclusion

Hypothesis

An educated guess based on observation. (If…then…because…)

Experiment and Conclusion

Multiple trials used to collect data to test a proposed hypothesis. They are analyzed for trends or patterns that can help support or refute the hypothesis.

“Prove”

Not to be used when analyzing data because science is ever evolving. Use “supported” or “refuted” instead.

Peer Review

A process that helps scientists “fact check” their work. It is assessed by experts with no direct involvement with the research being reviewed. This reduces bias and human influence in data interpretation.

Correlation

Two variables behave in a related manner.

Causation

Direct relationship where changes in one variable directly result in changes in the other.

Variable

Any aspect of nature that is capable of changing. The three types are independent, dependent, and constant.

Independent Variables

What researchers change or manipulate. (Input)

Dependent Variables

What changes (or doesn’t) due to manipulation of the independent varable. (Output)

Constant Variables

The controlled variables in an experiment.

Control Group

The group in an experiment where no manipulation (Independent Variables) take place.

Experimental Group (Treatment Group)

The group in an experiment that is receiving manipulation (Independent Variable).

“Fact”

To be avoided because Science is ever evolving. Use “theory” instead.

Theory

A body of knowledge that has withstood the test of time thus far.

Pseudoscience

Any field of study that falsely claims to have scientific basis. Verify whether information (especially online) is supported by real scientific concepts.