endocrine notes

hormones

chemicals released from part of body and carried through bloodstream

hormones are release in ____and are very ____

small, specific

how do hormones know which cells to affect

the cells will have target cells

steroid hormone

lipid soluble, can pass through target cell

non-steroid hormones

water soluble, cannot pass through target cell

hormonal stimuli

glands encouraged by hormones secreted by other glands

hormonal stimuli example

hypothalamus stimulates the pituitary

humoral stimuli

levels of nutrients and ions in blood cause glands to secrete hormones

humoral stimuli example

blood calcium levels stimulate parathyroid glands

neural stimuli

nerve impulses cause glands to secrete hormones

neural stimuli example

sympathetic nervous system during stress, causes epinefrin release

pituitary gland

a small bulb found on the underside of the brain

the pituitary’s two lobes

anterior and posterior

posterior pituitary secretes these hormones

antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin

the hypothalamus is the size of an ____

almond

hypothalmus function

control the pituitary gland by hormonal and neural stimulation

hypothalamus functions examples

control of emotional response, thirst, regulates sleep and wake cycles

pineal gland

cone shaped gland near the cerebellum, secretes melatonin

looks like a butterfly

thyroid

the thyroid secretes these hormones

calcitonin, thyroxin, tridothynine

calcitoin

reduces calcium in blood

parathyroid hormones

secreted by parathyroid glands, spikes calcium in blood

adrenal gland’s layers

cortex (outer layer) and medulla (inner layer)

medulla

epinephrine and noriceptors, “fight or flight”

cortex

glucorticoids, regulates ion levels for quick energy

exocrine

uses ducts

endocrine

no ducts

the endocrine part of pancreas is made of group of cells called ____ that look like islands

isets of Langerhans

the hormones produced by the pancreas

insulin (decreases blood pressure, beta+alpha), glucagon (increases blood pressure, alpha+beta)

thymus produces these things

thymopoietin, thymic, thymosin

gonads

reproductive organs, produce sex cells and secrete sex hormones

gonads in females

ovaries

gonads in males

testes

step one of homestasis

hypothalmus secretes hormones into pituitary

step two of homestasis

pituitary secretes thryoid-stimulating hormone

step three of homestasis

thyroid secretes thyroxine into blood, increasing metabolism

step four of homestasis

when thyroxine levels get too high, hypothalamus is triggered to stop impulse

hypersecretion

too much released hormones

hyposecretion

not enough released hormones