C++ Programming Concepts and Definitions

These flashcards cover key concepts in C++ programming related to object-oriented programming, including virtual functions, operator overloading, and polymorphism.

Virtual Functions

Functions in the base class that you can override in its derived class.

Operator Overloading

Redefines how operators behave when applied to objects of a class.

Abstract Function

A pure virtual function with no definition that must be overridden.

Abstract Class

A class that has at least one abstract function in C++, and cannot be instantiated.

Upcasting

Converting a pointer or reference of a derived class type to a pointer or reference of the base class type.

Operator Overloading Purpose

To redefine operator behavior for class objects.

Try/Catch Blocks

Used to run potentially unsafe code, with 'try' transferring control to 'catch' for handling exceptions.

Compile Time Polymorphism

Occurs when the program prepares for execution, such as through operator overloading.

Run Time Polymorphism

Executed with machine instructions, primarily through virtual functions.

virtual

expected to be overriden

declaring abstract function

class AbstractClass {
	public:
	virtual void abstractMethod() = 0;
};

overriding vs overloadin

overloading provides multiple definitions and occurs in the same class. overriding replaces the definition and occurs through iheritance

non static

uses the instance of a class accessed by using “this”

static

needs to operate on two different instances and is used to compare. implemented globally and called by class name

common return types

primitive, bool, stream, increments, [], function call ()

friends

able to access any object regardless of modifier and can access private and protected. cannot acces private members of friend

operators that can be overloaded

arithmetic, comparison, logical, increment, typecasting

operators that cant be overloaded

sizeof, member access (.), pointers

nonstatic operators

unary, binary, assignment, arrays, func calls

static operators

friends, stream

exceptions

indicate that a special circumstance has occurred in the code when it cannot proceed. handles runtime errors or unexpected conditions

try/catch syntax

try{

//unsafe code

catch(exception &e){
//code that handles exception
}

how do catches work?

code that is unsafe is in try then try transfers control to catc and conducts a specific action if a certain exception is thrown

what()

used to get a message on the type of error

polymorphism

abnility for data or functions to take on many forms

compile time polymorphism

when the program prepares for execution (operator overloading)

run time polymorphism

executes machine instructions (virtuals)

shallow copy

copies pointers value

deep copy

creaates new object and copies actual data