Week 6 RA facial markings

Factors responsible for facial markings

-Hereditary (genes)

-Age

-Environment

-Muscle Striation and Action

-Position of the body

-Condition of the body

facial markings

 the characteristic lines, wrinkles, grooves, cords, and dimples of the face and neck

furrow/sulcus/wrinkle

 a crevice in the skin bordered by adjacent elevations

groove

an elongated depression on a relatively level plane or surface

fold

an elongated prominence adjoining a surface 

Philtrum

Natural face marking

vertical groove medially on the upper lip located between in the columna nasi and the medial hold of the mucous membrane of the upper lip 

-resembles ( ) 

-shallow

Nasolabial fold

natural face marking

the eminence or projection on the cheek adjacent to the corners of the mouth. Extends from the superior part of the posterior margin of the wing of the nose to the side of the mouth 

Nasal Sulcus

natural face marking

the angular area between the posterior margins of the wing of the nose and the nasolabial fold 

Oblique palpebral sulcus

natural face marking

the shallow curving groove inferior to the medial corner of the eyelids, moving laterally down 

angulus oris eminence

natural face marking

 the small convex prominence lateral to the end of the line of lip closure of the mouth 

angulus oris sulcus

natural face marking

the groove at the end of the line of lip closure of the mouth 

labiomental sulcus

natural face marking

 the junction of the lower integumentary lip and the superior border of the chin, which may appear as furrow

submental sulcus

natural facial marking

 the junction of the base of the chin and the submandibular area, which may appear as furrow 

dimples

natural facial markings

 shallow depressions located on the cheek or chin, either rounded or vertical

acquired facial markings

develop throughout life as a result of repetitious use of certain muscles

nasolabial sulcus

acquired facial marking

the furrow originating at the superior border of the wing of the nose and extending to the side of the mouth 

transverse frontal sulci

acquired facial marking

 the furrows that cross the forehead, caused by the actions of the occipitofrontalis muscle 

intraciliary sulci

acquired facial marking

the vertical or transverse furrows between the eyebrows

optic facial sulci

acquired facial marking

AKA crows feet

 the furrows radiating from the lateral corners of the eyes

superior palpebral sulci

acquired facial marking

the furrows of the superior borders of the upper eyelid

inferior palpebral sulcus

acquired facial marking

the furrow of the lower attached border of the inferior palpebra

bucco-facial sulcus

acquired facial marking

the vertical furrow of the cheek

mandibular sulcus

acquired facial marking

 the furrow beneath the jawline, which rises vertically on the cheek 

labial sulci ‘furrows of age’

acquired facial marking

 the vertical furrows of the lips extending from within the mucous membranes into the integumentary lips

platysmal sulci

acquired facial mark

the transverse dipping furrows of the neck

cords of the neck

acquired facial marking

vertical prominence of the neck; may be long or short

facial proportions

mathematical relationships of the size of the features to each other and or to the head

-There is a standard of norm against which an embalmer can compare the deceased

-Greeks created the Canon or Rule of Judgement to determine beauty

-The canon of beauty set a standard for the proportions of facial features

-Remember: beauty is in the eye of the beholder. What is beautiful to one might not be to another. 

Bilateral form of the head and features

-Most of us do not conform to the canon, but we came close. Most faces do not match symmetrically. They are ASYMMETRICAL

-rules of proportion are only guides

4 surfaces of the face that show a similar bilateral curvature

1. Forehead

2. Cheeks

3. Superior integumentary lip

   1. Chin 

These 4 measurements are EQUAL

1. Ear passage to the tip of the nose

2. Eyebrow to the base of the chin 

3. Hairline to the base of the nose

   1. Ear passage to ear passage

Value of a photograph

-frontal view: shows the size, length, and width of features in relationship to the face

-profile view: shows projections and recessions

-¾’s view: show appearance of lips and fullness of cheeks

-inverted photo (upside down): observing the face by standing above the head

-looking at the decedent at this angle allows the facial features to be more recognizable 

highlight in photos

 a surface lying at a right angle to the source of illumination, which reflects the max amount of light; the lighter and brighter part

shadow in photograph

 surfaces which do not lie at right angles to the source of illumination or are obscured by other surfaces and which reflect little or no light 

Facial profiles

-the silhouette of the face from the side view, it can include

-Plane

-Concave

-Convex

-Convex- concave

-Concave convex 

head shapes from frontal view

-triangle

-oval

-round

-oblong

-diamond

-square

-heart