Ethnicity and Kinship - Anthropology Test 2

Permanent Halting Sites

Designated areas for Irish Travellers to reside.

Serial Monogamy

Marriage to multiple partners sequentially, not simultaneously.

Kinship Diagrams

Visual representations of family relationships and lineage.

Ethnogenesis

Formation of a new ethnic group from existing ones.

Hypodescent

Classification of mixed-race individuals into a subordinate group.

Coureur du Bois

French-Canadian fur traders in North America through kinship network, they found new trading networks

Patrilineal Descent

Inheritance and lineage traced through the father's line.

Matrilocal Residence

(mothers location) married individuals live with or near their mothers family

Polygamy

Marriage involving more than two partners simultaneously.

Bridewealth

payments made to the wife's family before marriage

Multiculturalism

Coexistence of diverse cultural groups within a society.

One Drop Rule

Social principle classifying anyone with African ancestry as Black.

Forced Assimilation

Coercive process of integrating minority groups into dominant culture.

Irish Traveler

indigenous ethnic minority, forced to assimilate into settled lifestyle, not roma or gypsy

Name of the traveler Language

Cant/Gammon

Irish stage character

epitome of ethnocentric and discriminatory views projected upon the settled irish by british

Kinship

members of kinship groups cooperate with one another based on customary prescribed rights and obligations

Bilateral descent

descent traced equally through father and mother's ancestors; associating each individual with blood relatives on both sides of the family

totemism

the belief that people are related to particular animals, plants, or natural objects by virtue of descent from common ancestral spirits

polyandry

wife + multiple husbands (poly-andy)

polygyny

husband + multiple wives (poly-ginny)

Domestic group

any group of people who reside together and share activities pertaining to domestic life

Ethnocentrism

Belief in the superiority of one's nation or ethnic group.

Dowry

payments made to grooms family before marriage

neolocal residence

(new location) live separately from their original families

Socially constructed

a concept developed by society that is maintained over time through social interaction that make the idea seem "real"

Racial formation

the process of defining and redefining racial categories in a society

pigmentocracy

a society characterized by strong correlation between a person's skin color and his or her social class

Jim Crow

Laws designed to enforce segregation of blacks from whites

Ethnic groups

people in a society who claim a distinct identity for themselves based on shared cultural characteristics + ancestry

Ethnicity

the degree to which a person identifies with and feels an attachment to a particular ethnic group

clan

an extended unilineal kin-group, often consisting of several lineages, whose members claim common descent from a remote ancestor, usually legendary or mythological

Matrilineal Societies

trace descent through females

Gabor Gypsies

considered the aristocrat caste due to their commitment in preserving sacred traditions and marrying exclusively within their own ethnic group

Cline

differences in the traits that occur in populations across a geographical area.

tartan

plaid

Symbolic ethnicity

Race

a construct based on arbitrary social and cultural definitions rather than biology or science

Taxonomy

The science of classifying organisms

status

any culturally designated position a person occupies (cousin, etc)

Assimilation

the social process of absorbing one cultural group into harmony with another

acculturation

The adoption of cultural traits, such as language, by one group under the influence of another.

Amalgamation

occurs when majority and minority groups combine to form a new group

Endogamy

the practice of marrying within one's own group

Symbolic ethnicity

an ethnic identity that emphasizes concerns such as ethnic food or political issues rather than deeper ties to one's ethnic heritage

Family

in classification, group of similar genera

Role

a set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave

extended family

closely related people of several generations