B5 - communicable diseases

What is health?

Health is a state of physical and mental wellbeing

What are common causes of ill health?

Common causes of ill health include poor diet, lack of exercise, environmental factors, and exposure to pathogens.

What is the relationship between health and disease?

a disease can worsen health, while good health can prevent the occurrence of disease.

How do diseases interact with one another?

One disease can make another disease more likely or more severe

What is a pathogen?

A pathogen is a microorganism that can cause disease, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protists.

How are pathogens spread?

Pathogens are spread through, direct contact, contaminated water or food, droplets, and vectors such as insects.

How do pathogenic bacteria and viruses cause damage in the body?

Pathogenic bacteria and viruses cause damage by invading host cells, releasing toxins, and triggering harmful immune responses.

How can the spread of diseases be reduced or prevented?

The spread of diseases can be reduced through vaccination, proper hygiene, sanitation

What are the symptoms, transmission, and treatments of measles?

Symptoms of measles include high fever, cough, and rash; it is transmitted through respiratory droplets and treated with vaccination.

What are the symptoms, transmission, and treatments of HIV?

Symptoms of HIV include flu-like symptoms and chronic infections; it is transmitted through blood and sexual contact and managed with treatments.

What are the symptoms, transmission, and treatments of tobacco mosaic virus?

Symptoms include mosaic pattern on plant leaves, it is transmitted through contact between infected plants and there is no specific treatment; prevention involves using resistant plant varieties.

What are the symptoms, transmission, and treatments of salmonella food poisoning?

Symptoms include diarrhea, fever, and abdominal cramps; it is transmitted through contaminated food/water and treated with antibiotics if severe.

What are the symptoms, transmission, and treatments of gonorrhoea?

Symptoms include painful urination and discharge; it is transmitted through sexual contact and treated with antibiotics.

What are galls in plants?

Galls are abnormal growths formed due to bacterial infections; symptoms include swelling on plant tissues and are treated by removing infected parts.

What are the symptoms, transmission, and treatments of Rose Black Spot infection?

Symptoms include dark spots on leaves; it is transmitted through water and infected plants, treated with fungicides and good garden hygiene.

What are the symptoms, transmission, and treatments of Athlete’s Foot?

Symptoms include itching and flaking skin; it is transmitted through infected surfaces and treated with antifungal creams.

What are the symptoms, transmission, and control methods of malaria?

Symptoms include fever, and flu-like symptoms; it is transmitted by mosquitoes; control methods include netting and anti malaria medications.

What is the role of the immune system?

The immune system defends the body against pathogens, identifying and destroying them.

What are defenses to stop pathogens from entering the human body?

Defenses include physical barriers like skin, mucous membranes in the nose and trachea, and chemical defenses like stomach acid.

How do white blood cells destroy pathogens?

White blood cells destroy pathogens by engulfing them or producing antibodies that neutralize them.