Studied by 31 people
What is the function of the aorta?
Carries oxygenated blood around the body
What is the function of the pulmonary vein?
Brings oxygenated blood from the lungs
What are the parts of the heart?
-Aorta
-Pulmonary vein
-Left atrium
-Left ventricle
-Right ventricle
-Right atrium
-Vena cava
-Pulmonary artery
What is the function of the left ventricle?
Pumps blood around the body
What is the function of the right ventricle?
Pumps blood to the lungs
What is the function of the vena cava?
Bring deoxygenated blood into the heart
What is the function of the pulmonary artery?
Takes deoxygenated blood to the lungs
Name the 4 components of blood.
-Red blood cells
-Plasma
-Platelets
-White blood cells
What is the function of red blood cells?
Binds to oxygen and transports it around the body
What is the function of plasma?
Transports substances and blood cells around the body
What is the function of white blood cells?
Part of the immune system to defend the body against pathogens
What is the function of platelets?
Form blood clots to create barriers to infections
What is the function of a vein?
Carries blood to the heart
What is the function of an artery?
Carries blood away from the heart
What is the function of a capillary?
-Carries blood to tissues and cells
-Connects arteries and veins
What is the structure of an artery?
-Thick muscular and elastic walls
-The walls can stretch and withstand high pressure
-Small lumen
What are the three types of blood vessel?
-Artery
-Vein
-Capillary
What is the structure of a capillary?
-One cell thick wall- short diffusion distance for substances to move between the blood and tissues
-Very narrow lumen
What is the structure of a vein?
-Have valves to stop blood flowing the wrong way
-Thin walls
-Large lumen
What happens when you breathe in?
Air moves into the body through the mouth and nose
Air moves down the trachea
Moves into the bronchi
Through the bronchioles
Into the alveoli
What is coronary heart disease?
A build up of fatty material in the coronary arteries
What types of heart valves can a faulty valve be replaced with?
-Biological valves (pig or cow)
-Mechanical valves (Titanium and polymers)
What are the function and structure of the spongy mesophyll?
Function:-
To allow gas diffusion
Structure:-
-Spherical shapes
-Lots of air spaces for quick has diffusion
-Large surface area to increase has exchange
What is the function and structure of the upper epidermis?
Function:-
To protect against water loss
Structure:-
-Single layer of cells
-Transparent to allow light to pass through
What is the function of the stomata?
Small opening to allow gases to diffuse in and out of the leaf
What is the function of the guard cells?
Control the opening and closing of the stomata
What is the structure of a guard cell?
-Thick inner wall
-Thin outer wall
What is the function of the waxy cuticle?
To make the leaf water proof
Name the layers of a leaf.
-Waxy cuticle
-Upper epidermis
-Palisade mesophyll
-Spongy mesophyll
-Lower epidermis
-Stomata
-Guard cells
What is transpiration?
Water is lost through the stomata by evaporation. This pulls water up from the roots through the xylem.
What is the importance of translocation?
-Moves dissolved sugars made in the leaves during photosynthesis
-Allows for respiration, growth and glucose storage to happen
What is the importance of transpiration?
-Provides water to cells to keep them turgid
-Provides water to cells for photosynthesis
-Transports mineral ions to leaves
What is the transpiration stream?
The constant movement of water up the xylem
What is translocation?
The movement of dissolved sugars from the leaves to the rest of the plant through the phloem
What is the function and structure of the palisade mesophyll?
Function:-
Photosynthesis
Structure:-
-Tightly packed cells
-Lots of chloroplasts to absorb light
What are the structures of the phloem?
-Moves water and dissolved sugars
-Cells have end walls with small holes to allow substances to flow through
-Substances transported in both directions
What are the structures of the xylem vessel?
-One way transport of water and mineral ions
-Made of dead cells joined together
-Thick wall stiffened with lighin
Name the 4 factors affecting the rate of transpiration.
-Temperature
-Humidity
-Wind speed
-Light intensity
How does temperature effect transpiration?
High temperatures increase the rate of transpiration
Why does temperature effect transpiration?
Water evaporates faster in higher temperatures
How does humidity effect transpiration?
Lower humidity increases the rates of transpiration
Why does humidity effect transpiration?
The drier the air, the steeper the concentration gradient of water molecules between the air and leaf
How does wind speed effect transpiration?
More wind increases the rate of transpiration
Why does wind speed effect transpiration?
Wind removes the water vapour quickly, maintaining a steep concentration gradient
How does light intensity effect transpiration?
Higher light intensity increases the rate of transpiration
Why does light intensity effect transpiration?
Stomata open wider to let more carbon dioxide into the leaf for photosynthesis
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