Biology 4- Organising animals and plants 2

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46 Terms

1
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What is the function of the aorta?

Carries oxygenated blood around the body

2
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What is the function of the pulmonary vein?

Brings oxygenated blood from the lungs

3
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What are the parts of the heart?

-Aorta

-Pulmonary vein

-Left atrium

-Left ventricle

-Right ventricle

-Right atrium

-Vena cava

-Pulmonary artery

4
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What is the function of the left ventricle?

Pumps blood around the body

5
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What is the function of the right ventricle?

Pumps blood to the lungs

6
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What is the function of the vena cava?

Bring deoxygenated blood into the heart

7
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What is the function of the pulmonary artery?

Takes deoxygenated blood to the lungs

8
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Name the 4 components of blood.

-Red blood cells

-Plasma

-Platelets

-White blood cells

9
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What is the function of red blood cells?

Binds to oxygen and transports it around the body

10
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What is the function of plasma?

Transports substances and blood cells around the body

11
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What is the function of white blood cells?

Part of the immune system to defend the body against pathogens

12
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What is the function of platelets?

Form blood clots to create barriers to infections

13
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What is the function of a vein?

Carries blood to the heart

14
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What is the function of an artery?

Carries blood away from the heart

15
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What is the function of a capillary?

-Carries blood to tissues and cells

-Connects arteries and veins

16
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What is the structure of an artery?

-Thick muscular and elastic walls

-The walls can stretch and withstand high pressure

-Small lumen

17
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What are the three types of blood vessel?

-Artery

-Vein

-Capillary

18
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What is the structure of a capillary?

-One cell thick wall- short diffusion distance for substances to move between the blood and tissues

-Very narrow lumen

19
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What is the structure of a vein?

-Have valves to stop blood flowing the wrong way

-Thin walls

-Large lumen

20
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What happens when you breathe in?

  1. Air moves into the body through the mouth and nose
  2. Air moves down the trachea
  3. Moves into the bronchi
  4. Through the bronchioles
  5. Into the alveoli
21
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What is coronary heart disease?

A build up of fatty material in the coronary arteries

22
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What types of heart valves can a faulty valve be replaced with?

-Biological valves (pig or cow)

-Mechanical valves (Titanium and polymers)

23
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What are the function and structure of the spongy mesophyll?

Function:-

To allow gas diffusion

Structure:-

-Spherical shapes

-Lots of air spaces for quick has diffusion

-Large surface area to increase has exchange

24
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What is the function and structure of the upper epidermis?

Function:-

To protect against water loss

Structure:-

-Single layer of cells

-Transparent to allow light to pass through

25
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What is the function of the stomata?

Small opening to allow gases to diffuse in and out of the leaf

26
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What is the function of the guard cells?

Control the opening and closing of the stomata

27
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What is the structure of a guard cell?

-Thick inner wall

-Thin outer wall

28
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What is the function of the waxy cuticle?

To make the leaf water proof

29
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Name the layers of a leaf.

-Waxy cuticle

-Upper epidermis

-Palisade mesophyll

-Spongy mesophyll

-Lower epidermis

-Stomata

-Guard cells

30
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What is transpiration?

Water is lost through the stomata by evaporation. This pulls water up from the roots through the xylem.

31
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What is the importance of translocation?

-Moves dissolved sugars made in the leaves during photosynthesis

-Allows for respiration, growth and glucose storage to happen

32
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What is the importance of transpiration?

-Provides water to cells to keep them turgid

-Provides water to cells for photosynthesis

-Transports mineral ions to leaves

33
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What is the transpiration stream?

The constant movement of water up the xylem

34
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What is translocation?

The movement of dissolved sugars from the leaves to the rest of the plant through the phloem

35
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What is the function and structure of the palisade mesophyll?

Function:-

Photosynthesis

Structure:-

-Tightly packed cells

-Lots of chloroplasts to absorb light

36
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What are the structures of the phloem?

-Moves water and dissolved sugars

-Cells have end walls with small holes to allow substances to flow through

-Substances transported in both directions

37
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What are the structures of the xylem vessel?

-One way transport of water and mineral ions

-Made of dead cells joined together

-Thick wall stiffened with lighin

38
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Name the 4 factors affecting the rate of transpiration.

-Temperature

-Humidity

-Wind speed

-Light intensity

39
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How does temperature effect transpiration?

High temperatures increase the rate of transpiration

40
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Why does temperature effect transpiration?

Water evaporates faster in higher temperatures

41
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How does humidity effect transpiration?

Lower humidity increases the rates of transpiration

42
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Why does humidity effect transpiration?

The drier the air, the steeper the concentration gradient of water molecules between the air and leaf

43
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How does wind speed effect transpiration?

More wind increases the rate of transpiration

44
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Why does wind speed effect transpiration?

Wind removes the water vapour quickly, maintaining a steep concentration gradient

45
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How does light intensity effect transpiration?

Higher light intensity increases the rate of transpiration

46
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Why does light intensity effect transpiration?

Stomata open wider to let more carbon dioxide into the leaf for photosynthesis