Molecular Genetics Review

0.0(0)
studied byStudied by 0 people
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Card Sorting

1/27

flashcard set

Earn XP

Description and Tags

Flashcards for reviewing key vocabulary and concepts in molecular genetics.

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

28 Terms

1
New cards

Mendel's Hereditary Factors

Heritable "factors" responsible for dominant or recessive traits, showing predictable segregation patterns.

2
New cards

Boveri and Sutton

Proposed that chromosomes bear hereditary factors in accordance with Mendelian laws.

3
New cards

Sex Chromosome Inheritance

Determines sex; females can pass either X chromosome, males either X or Y.

4
New cards

Thomas Hunt Morgan

Involved Drosophila melanogaster (fruit flies) to study heredity patterns, linking eye color to the X chromosome.

5
New cards

Frederick Griffith

Studied Streptococcus pneumoniae strains to discover genetic information transfer.

6
New cards

Plasmids

Circular DNA molecules in prokaryotes that facilitate genetic information exchange via transformation.

7
New cards

Bacteriophages

Viruses that infect bacteria, playing a key role in revealing DNA's role in heredity.

8
New cards

Hershey-Chase Experiment

Demonstrated that nucleic acids, not proteins, encode heritable information.

9
New cards

Erwin Chargaff

Reported that DNA composition varies across species, supporting DNA as the genetic material.

10
New cards

Watson and Crick

Deduced DNA's double helix structure, explaining how DNA stores information.

11
New cards

Chargaff's Rule

Adenosine (A) pairs with Thymine (T), Guanine (G) pairs with Cytosine (C).

12
New cards

Telomeres

Stretches of DNA at chromosome ends that protect the chromosome.

13
New cards

Codons

Sequences of three DNA base pairs that code for one amino acid within a gene.

14
New cards

Karyotype

A display of chromosome pairs of a cell arranged by size and shape.

15
New cards

Transcription

Synthesis of mRNA from a DNA template.

16
New cards

Translation

Synthesis of a polypeptide from the genetic information in mRNA, done by ribosomes.

17
New cards

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

A single-stranded RNA molecule used as a template.

18
New cards

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Carries individual amino acids that are complementary to mRNA codons.

19
New cards

DNA Replication

Each single DNA strand serves as a template for synthesizing a complementary strand.

20
New cards

Semi-Conservative Replication

A double-stranded DNA molecule contains one parent strand and one newly synthesized strand.

21
New cards

Helicase

Unwinds the double helix at replication fork.

22
New cards

DNA Polymerase III

Synthesizes new DNA strands, adding to the 3' end.

23
New cards

Messenger mRNA

Copied from a gene; mRNA has a complementary base pair sequence with the DNA template strand.

24
New cards

Promoter

Region of DNA where transcriptional proteins bind.

25
New cards

tRNA

Brings methionine to the start codon during translation initiation.

26
New cards

Release Factor

The ribosome accepts this protein at the stop codon on mRNA during translation.

27
New cards

Bacteriophages

Viruses of prokaryotes

28
New cards

Retrovirus

Genetic information is carried by RNA instead of DNA