Vocab-9

wergild

amount paid by a wrongdoer to the family of the person they had hurt or killed

ordeal

based on divine intervention

bishopric

bishop area of authority

pope

bishops of rome were viewed as peter’s successors

monk

man who separates himself from ordinary society to dedicate himself to god

monasticism

practice of living the life of a monk

missionary

people sent out to carry a religious message

nun

women who dedicated themselves to serve god

abbess

head of covents for nuns (belonged to royal houses)

Clovis

strong military, who around 500 became 1st germanic ruler to convert to christianity

gregory 1

strong pope in 6th century

saint benedict

wrote set of rules to guide a community of monks he founded

pepin

took the logical step of assuming kingship for himself and his family

charlemagne

powerful ruler, determined + decisive man

pyrenees

southwest of the powerful new kingdom that clovis established

Carolingian empire

charlemagne created, by expanding the Frankish kingdom

feudalism

political and social order

vassal

a man who served a lord in a military capacity

knight

heavily armored cavalry

fief

the grant of land made to a vassal

feudal contract

a set of unwritten rules that determined the relationship between a lord and his vassal

tournament

contest where knights could demonstrate their fighting skills

chivalry

nobility, an ideal of civilized behavior

magyars

people from western asia

vikings

Scandinavian seafaring pirates and traders who raided and settled in many parts of northwestern europe

eleanor of aquitaine

a strong women who advised and dominated her husband

hungary

where the magyar settled when moving to central europe / non-slavic kingdom converted to christianity

normandy

section of france

common law

law that was common to the whole kingdom

magna carta

document of rights, also known as the great charter

estate

classes

french parliament- had 3, clergy (1st), nobles (2nd), townspeople and peasants (3rd)

william of normandy

had an army of heavily armed knights, defeated king harold, was crowned king of england

henry II

power of the english monarchy was enlarged, expanded the kings power during his reign

thomas a becket

archbishop of canterbury and highest ranking english cleric

philip II augustus

reigned from 1180-1223, fought wars against the english to take control of the french territories of normandy, maine, anjou, and aquitaine

otto I

best known saxon king of germany, patron of german culture and brought the church under his control

alexander nevsky

prince of novgorod, more powerful than others

paris

known as the ile-de france

kiev

rus state created by a viking leader, Oleg

patriarch

the head of the eastern orthodox church

schism

separation between the two great branches of christianity

crusades

european christians carried out a series of military expeditions to regain the holy land from muslims

infidel

unbelievers, muslims

justinian

emperor of the eastern roman empire in 527

saint benedict of clairvaux

monastic leader, enlisted two powerful rulers

saladin

holy city of jerusalem fell to muslim forces under saladin

pope innocent III

initiated the fourth crusade

constantinople

roman empire in the east

syna

province of the eastern roman empire, that was lost to the islamic forces

balkans

where problems arose along the northern frontier where the bulgars took possession of danube valley and created a strong bulgarian kingdom