KIN 100 Tendons, Nerves, and Vessels of the Forearm and Hand

what does bifurcation mean?

• splitting or dividing

label this diagram of the brachial artery

1. brachial artery

2. radial artery

3. ulnar artery

where does the ulnar artery originate from?

• the bifurcation of the brachial artery

what are the location markings of the ulnar artery? (what is it distal to, what is it superficial to, what is it deep to, what nerve does it run with, any other notes)

1. distal to the cubital fossa

2. passes deep to flexor digitorum superficialis

3. runs alongside the ulnar nerve, deep to flexor carpi ulnaris

4. superficial to flexor retinaculum, between pisiform and hook of hamate

5. continues as the superficial palmar arch in the hand

6. a deep branch of the ulnar artery anastomoses with the deep palmar arch

label this diagram of the ulnar artery

1. brachial artery

2. ulnar artery

3. flexor digitorum superficialis

4. ulnar nerve

5. superficial palmar arch

6. deep branch of the ulnar artery

7. deep palmar arch

where does the radial artery originate from?

• it originates from the bifurcation of the brachial artery

what are the location markings of the radial artery?

• just distal to the cubital fossa

• travels in a groove between the anterior forearm muscles and the medial border of brachioradialis

• located alongside the superficial radial nerve

• winds around the lateral aspect of the radius and crosses the floor of the anatomical snuff box

• pierces the first dorsal interosseous muscle and abductor pollicis to become the deep palmar arch

• it anastomoses with the deep branch of the ulnar artery

label this diagram of the radial artery

1. brachial artery

2. radial artery

3. superficial radial nerve

4. brachioradialis

5. deep palmar arch

6. superficial branch of radial artery

what are the deep veins of the upper limb?

1. deep venous palmar arch

2. superficial venous palmar arch

3. radial vein

4. ulnar vein

5. brachial vein

what are the superficial veins of the upper limb?

1. basilic vein

2. cephalic vein

label this diagram of the veins of the forearm and hand

1. superficial venous palmar arch

2. deep venous palmar arch

3. ulnar vein

4. radial vein

5. basilic vein

6. cephalic vein

7. median cubital vein

8. brachial vein

9. cephalic vein

10. axillary vein

11. subclavian vein

12. internal jugular vein

13. brachiocephalic vein

14. superior vena cava

what are the location markings of the median nerve in the forearm

• its the most medial structure in the cubital fossa (TAN)

• it runs through the forearm between flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor digitorum profundus

• it gives branches to most muscles in the anterior forearm

• it passes deep to the flexor retinaculum, and passes through the carpal tunnel

what are the location markings of the ulnar nerve in the forearm?

• it passes posterior to the medial epicondyle

• it runs through the forearm deep to flexor carpi ulnaris

• it gives branches to one and a half muscles in the anterior forearm (which is the flexor carpi ulnaris, and the medial half of flexor digitorum profundus)

• it passes superficial to the flexor retinaculum, and does NOT pass through the carpal tunnel

what are the location markings of the radial nerve in the forearm?

• it bifurcates near the lateral epicondyle

• prior to the bifurcation it supplies the brachioradialis and extensor carpi radialis longus

• the deep branch pierces the supinator and runs through the forearm on the posterior surface of the interosseous membrane

• the deep branch then gives branches to the remaining posterior forearm muscles

• the superficial branch runs through the forearm deep to brachioradialis

• it becomes superficial at the anatomical snuff box

• it supplies skin on the posterior surface of the thumb

*later, can divide this up to “origin?” “what does it supply prior to bifrucation?”, “what does it pierce?”, “what muscles does the deep branch supply?”, “where does it become superficial?”, “what muscles does the superficial branch supply”, “what skin does it supply?”, those sorta questoins

what is carpal tunnel syndrome, and what causes it?

• it’s a syndrome caused by anything that increases the size of the tendons passing through the clinical space that is the carpal tunnel

• it’s caused by the inflammation of the synovial sheaths surrounding tendons, fluid retention, and infection

what nerve supplies the skin of what digits?

• the median nerve supplies the skin of the lateral 3.5 digits

what are the symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome?

• parasthesia (tingling)

• hypoesthesia (reduced sensation)

• anesthesia (absence of sensation)

• reduce strength or function of thenar muscles

what is an extreme surgical case of carpal tunnel syndrome?

• the flexor retinaculum is partially or completely cut to release the pressure

label this diagram of the distribution of carpal tunnel syndrome

1. median nerve

2. radial nerve

3. ulnar nerve

PICTURE WONT UPLOAD!!!

median nerve supplies lateral 3.5 digits, (digits 1,2,3, 4.5) on the palm side, ulnar nerve supplies medial 2.5 digits (4.5, 5), on palmar side, and radial nerve is a liiil chunk below the thumb on the palm side, and on the other side, thumb side to digits 1-3.5 (i give up trying to describe this)