Bones to Know

Cranial Bones

Bones that form the skull, including the parietal, occipital, frontal, temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.

Parietal Bone

Bone located on the sides and roof of the cranial cavity, connected by the sagittal suture.

Occipital Bone

Bone at the back of the skull, featuring the lambdoidal suture, foramen magnum, occipital condyle, and external occipital protuberance.

Frontal Bone

Bone forming the forehead, connected by the coronal suture.

Temporal Bone

Bone located at the sides of the skull, featuring the squamous suture, mastoid process, external auditory canal, and styloid process.

Sphenoid Bone

Bone that forms part of the cranial floor and features the sella turcica and optic canals.

Ethmoid Bone

Bone located between the nasal cavity and the orbits, featuring the crista galli.

Facial Bones

Bones that form the structure of the face, including the nasal, vomer, lacrimal, zygomatic, inferior nasal concha, maxilla, mandible, and palatine bones.

Nasal Bone

Facial bone forming the bridge of the nose.

Vomer Bone

Facial bone that forms part of the nasal septum.

Lacrimal Bone

Facial bone containing the lacrimal canal.

Zygomatic Bone

Facial bone also known as the cheekbone.

Inferior Nasal Concha

Facial bone that is part of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity, with middle and superior nasal conchae.

Maxilla Bone

Upper jaw bone that contains the alveolar margin.

Mandible Bone

Lower jaw bone featuring the ramus, alveolar margin, and mandibular condyle.

Palatine Bone

Facial bone forming part of the hard palate, in pairs.

Hyoid Bone

Bone in the neck that supports the tongue.

Thoracic Cage

Structure formed by the sternum and ribs, protecting the thoracic organs.

Sternum

Bone of the thoracic cage consisting of the body, xiphoid process, and manubrium.

True Ribs

The first seven pairs of ribs that attach directly to the sternum via costal cartilage.

False Ribs

Ribs that do not attach directly to the sternum.

Floating Ribs

The last two pairs of ribs that do not connect to the sternum.

Vertebrae

The series of small bones forming the spine, categorized into cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal.

Cervical Vertebrae

The seven vertebrae in the neck, known for features like transverse processes and vertebral foramen.

Axis Vertebra

The second cervical vertebra with a structure known as the dens.

Atlas Vertebra

The first cervical vertebra that supports the skull.

Thoracic Vertebrae

The twelve vertebrae in the mid-back region.

Lumbar Vertebrae

The five large vertebrae in the lower back.

Sacrum

Bone at the base of the spine composed of fused vertebrae.

Coccyx

Tailbone at the distal end of the vertebral column.

Pectoral Girdle

Structure connecting the upper limbs to the torso, including the scapula and clavicle.

Scapula

Shoulder blade with landmarks like the acromion and glenoid cavity.

Clavicle

Collarbone that connects the arm to the body.

Upper Appendage

Includes the humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges.

Humerus

The upper arm bone with features such as greater tubercle and trochlea.

Radius

Forearm bone located on the thumb side, with landmarks like the radial tuberosity.

Ulna

Forearm bone located on the side opposite the thumb.

Carpals

Eight wrist bones: scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate.

Scaphoid

One of the eight wrist bones, located near the base of the thumb.

Lunate

A crescent-shaped carpal bone situated between the scaphoid and triquetrum.

Triquetrum

A pyramidal-shaped carpal bone located on the medial side of the wrist.

Pisiform

A small, pea-shaped carpal bone that is situated on top of the triquetrum.

Trapezium

A carpal bone at the base of the thumb, forming part of the wrist.

Trapezoid

A small carpal bone located next to the trapezium and below the index finger.

Capitate

The largest carpal bone in the wrist, located in the center.

Hamate

A carpal bone with a hook-like structure, located adjacent to the fourth and fifth metacarpals.

Metacarpals

Five bones of the hand, numbered I to V.

Phalanges

Fingers' bones, divided into proximal, intermediate, and distal.

Proximal Phalanx

The first bone in each finger, connecting to the metacarpals.

Intermediate Phalanx

The middle bone in each finger, located between the proximal and distal phalanx; not present in the thumb.

Distal Phalanx

The tip bone in each finger, the furthest from the hand.

Pelvic Girdle

Structure connecting the lower limbs to the torso, including the ilium, ischium, and pubis.

Ilium

Largest bone of the pelvis, containing the iliac crest.

Ischium

Bone forming the lower part of the pelvis, contributing to the acetabulum.

Pubis

Bone forming the front of the pelvis, connected at the pubic symphysis.

Lower Limb

Includes the femur, tibia, fibula, patella, tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges.

Femur

The thigh bone, the longest bone in the body with landmarks like greater trochanter.

Tibia

The shin bone, with key features such as tibial tuberosity.

Fibula

The smaller bone of the lower leg, found on the lateral side.

Patella

Kneecap that protects the knee joint.

Tarsals

Seven ankle bones: cuneiforms I, II, III, cuboid, talus, navicular, calcaneus.

Cuneiform I

One of the three cuneiform bones in the foot, located on the medial side.

Cuneiform II

The middle cuneiform bone located between the first and third cuneiforms.

Cuneiform III

One of the cuneiform bones, situated on the lateral side of the foot.

Cuboid

A tarsal bone located on the lateral side of the foot, adjacent to the cuneiforms and the calcaneus.

Talus

The tarsal bone that sits above the calcaneus and articulates with the tibia and fibula.

Navicular

A tarsal bone situated between the talus and the cuneiform bones.

Calcaneus

The largest tarsal bone in the foot, commonly referred to as the heel bone.

Metatarsals

Five bones of the foot, numbered I to V.

Phalanges (Lower Limb)

Toe bones.

Proximal Phalanx (Lower Limb)

The first bone in each toe, connecting the distal phalanx to the middle phalanx.

Intermediate Phalanx (Lower Limb)

The middle bone in the toes, located between the proximal phalanx and the distal phalanx; not present in the big toe.

Distal Phalanx (Lower Limb)

The tip bone in each toe, the furthest from the foot.