Religion and ethics (EdExcel)

What defines religion?

A system of faith and worship, often involving belief in a divine power and a framework for understanding morality.

What is the main focus of ethics?

The branch of philosophy that deals with moral principles, exploring right and wrong conduct, good and bad character.

How do many religions view the source of morality?

They believe morality originates from a divine source such as God or higher powers.

What are rules and commandments in religious ethics?

Sets of directives that guide behavior, such as the Ten Commandments in Christianity.

Give an example of a virtue emphasized in many religions.

Compassion, love, justice, humility.

What motivates moral behavior in religious contexts?

Belief in divine reward and punishment, accountability, and a sense of duty.

How does religion shape a person's worldview?

It influences their values, understanding of human nature, and what is meaningful in life.

What is the role of ethical interpretation in religious practices?

Ethical considerations influence how religious texts are interpreted and the evolution of religious ethics.

What is Divine Command Theory (DCT)?

A theory stating that morality is determined by God's commands.

What is a primary critique of Divine Command Theory?

The Euthyphro Dilemma questions whether goodness is inherent or defined by God's will.

How does Natural Law Theory (NLT) define morality?

Morality is based on the natural order and purpose inherent in the universe, discoverable through reason.

What is a core idea of Virtue Ethics from a religious perspective?

It emphasizes the development of virtuous character traits that align with religious ideals.

In Christian Virtue Ethics, what are the theological virtues?

Faith, hope, and charity (love), which are infused by God's grace.

What does Situation Ethics prioritize in moral decision-making?

Love is the only absolute moral principle; other rules are contextual.

What is a strength of Situation Ethics?

It emphasizes love and compassion in moral situations, allowing flexibility.

What is a notable criticism of Situation Ethics?

The vagueness of what constitutes 'love' can lead to subjective interpretations.

How does religious ethics relate to social justice?

Many religions emphasize justice, compassion for the marginalized, and prophetic traditions advocating for social justice.

What is the sanctity of life doctrine?

A belief in the sacredness of life, which influences opposition to euthanasia and assisted suicide in many religions.

What principle guides many religions' views on environmental ethics?

Humans have a divinely given responsibility to care for creation and act as stewards of the Earth.

What does Just War Theory address?

The conditions under which war is morally permissible, including just cause and proportionality.

What challenges do religious ethics face in a pluralistic society?

Conflicting ethical teachings and the difficulty in determining authoritative moral commands.

What is the relationship between religious ethics and secular ethics?

Religious ethics relies on faith and divine authority, while secular ethics emphasizes reason and human autonomy.

What does the Euthyphro Dilemma highlight about morality?

It questions if moral values depend on divine commands or if they are independent of God.

How are sacred texts significant in religious ethics?

They are considered divinely inspired and containing moral teachings that guide believers.

What role do religious leaders play in ethics?

They interpret, develop, and provide guidance on ethical issues within religious traditions.

How does conscience relate to religious ethics?

Conscience is sometimes viewed as the 'voice of God' guiding individuals toward ethical actions.

What is an essential feature of applied religious ethics?

Assessing ethical issues through the lens of religious doctrines and beliefs.

What might inhibit the application of religious texts to contemporary ethics?

Some texts may contain outdated or culturally specific teachings that don't apply to modern contexts.

How does moral education manifest within religious communities?

Through shared practices, teachings, and social interactions that cultivate ethical values.

What can be a result of ethical reflection within a religious tradition?

The development and evolution of religious ethics over time.

Why is diversity within religious ethics important?

Different interpretations and contexts can lead to varied ethical viewpoints within and between religions.

What defines the moral authority in religion?

Divine authority versus human reason or social agreement.

What is meant by religious ethics being context-sensitive?

It acknowledges that virtues and moral decisions may vary based on circumstances.