seds and soil final

What is a depositional environment?

an environment where sediments are deposited by distinct processes

What is a facies?

a set of physical features formed my similar sedimentoligical, biogenic, and chemical processes

What is the walthers law?

every modern depositional environment that occurs laterally has a corresponding facies occurring vertically

What is an iconoclastic facies?

fossils that form a assemblage characteristics of a particular environment

what are the important differences between meandering and braided river environments?

meandering has a single channel with high bank stability while braided has multiple channels with low bank stability

What is lateral accretion?

process which builds up point bars

Sedimentoligical characteristics of lateral accretion?

trough to ripple cross strata

What is vertical accretion?

Process which builds up levees and flood plain deposits

What are common sedimentoligical features of vertical accretion?

lamination and silt and sand layers

For what type of river would you expect to find well developed lateral and vertical accretion deposits forming?

meandering

1- offshore 2- offshore transition 3-shore face 4- foreshore

What role does long shore drift play in the distribution of sediment along a coast line?

It distributes sediment parallel to the coast forming splits and barriers

List four main components of sedimentary rocks

framework grains, matrix, cement, pores

What components are present at the time of deposition?

framework grains, matrix, pores

What is a detail grain?

the product of weathering that forms outside the basin.

What are the properties you look for to determine the maturity?

roundness and sphericity, sorting, % of matrix, % of quartz

List four types of carbonate grains?

pisoids, ooids, peloids, ichnofacies

What are the components of shear stress?

height from surface, viscosity, velocity

How does decreasing flow depth affect shear stress?

it increases it

How does increasing flow velocity affect shear stress?

it increases it

List three transportation processes in current flow?

rolling, saltation, suspension

What is wave base?

The depth at which surface energy of a wave dies out

Orbital and oscillatory influences on movement of sediment?

orbital occurs in deep water causing dunes and ripples while oscillating occurs in shallow waters causing vortex ripples

What type of sedimentary structures is load structures?

deformational

What are two major types of erosional sedimentary structures?

scour and tool marks

What is the diffrence between clastic and non clastic grains?

Clastic form outside the basin from weathering and erosion

No clastic form inside the basin from biogenic sources

What is cement and how does it form?

Cement is formed by diagenesis which is when a rock is buried and pressure and heat is added to crystallize the matrix