Overview of Non-Coding RNAs

Flashcards for reviewing key concepts related to non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) including definitions and important roles in biological processes.

Non-Coding RNAs (ncRNAs)

RNA molecules that do not encode proteins but play crucial roles in cellular functions.

HOTAIR

A 2.2-kb-long ncRNA that influences chromatin structure and transcriptional repression.

RNA Interference (RNAi)

A process where double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) silences mRNA, involving microRNAs (miRNAs) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs).

RISC

RNA-induced silencing complex formed from dsRNA processed into single-stranded RNA that binds to proteins.

piRNAs (PIWI-Interacting RNAs)

A class of ncRNAs that interact with PIWI proteins to silence transposable elements in animal genomes.

Adaptation Phase of CRISPR-Cas

The phase where spacers from bacteriophage DNA are acquired and integrated into the CRISPR locus for future recognition.

CRISPR-Cas System

An adaptive defense mechanism that operates in three phases: Adaptation, Expression, and Interference.

miRNA

MicroRNAs derived from endogenous genes that can inhibit multiple mRNAs.

siRNA

Small interfering RNAs typically originating from exogenous sources that target specific mRNAs.

RNA-induced transcriptional silencing complex (piRITS)

A complex that silences transcription of transposable elements in the nucleus.

Role of ncRNAs in Protein Targeting

ncRNAs are essential for targeting proteins to specific cellular locations, such as the plasma membrane or endoplasmic reticulum.

Decoy ncRNA

A ncRNA that recognizes another ncRNA and sequesters it.

Ribozyme

Some ncRNAs possess catalytic activity enabling them to facilitate biochemical reactions.