Cell membrane and Transport

List 3 functions of lipids:

• Long term energy storage

• Insulation

• Waterproofing(wax coating on plants)

• Steriods(maintain functions throughout the body)

What is the monomer of a lipid?

3 fatty acids + glycerol

What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?

Saturated fats hold more hydrogen and don’t have double bonds and are solid at room temp.

Unsaturated fats hold less hydrogen, have double bonds, and are liquid at room temp. (CREATES A BEND IN THE MOLECULE)

What are the 4 functions of membrane proteins?

1) Transportation(helps larger molecules get through)

2) Speeds up chemical reactions(enzymes)

3) Chemical markers(identification)

4) Signaling

What is the function of cholestorol in the cell membrane?

Provide stability(found in animal cells)

Fluid mosaic model:

Many things come together to make the cell membrane (mosaic)

Molecules flow/move easily throughout the membrane (fluid)

How many molecules does the cell membrane have and name them:

3

Phospholipids

Membrane Proteins

Cholestorol

Are the phospholipid tails hydrophopic or hydrophillic?

Hydrophopic

Are the phospholipid head hydrophobic or hydrophillic?

Hydrophillic

What are the 3 types of passive transport?

• Diffusion

• Osmosis

• Facilitated Diffusion

Diffusion:

The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to low concentration

Osmosis:

The movement of WATER from an area of high concentration to low concentration(water will go to the solution that has a higher concentrate for example salt)

Facilitated Diffusion:

The transport of BIG molecules with the help of transport proteins

Turgor Pressure:

Pressure inside the cell that causes the cell membrane to press against the cell wall (hypotonic)

Plasmolysis

Loss of water (hypertonic)

What is the purpose of the cell membrane?

The purpose of the cell membrane is to control what goes in and out of the cell (SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE)

What type of transport requires no energy?

Passive Transport

Dynamic Equilibrium:

Molecules stay in a consistent movement without a change in concentration.

What type of transport requres energy and why?

Active Transport requres energy because it goes against the concentration gradient (low to high instead of high to low)

What are the 3 types of active transport and describe each:

• Carrier Proteins (pump particles across the cell membrane)

• Endocytosis (things are engulfed by the cell

• Exocytosis (things leaving the cell)

Pinocytosis vs. Phagocytosis

Pinocytosis- cell brings in LIQUIDS

Phagocytosis- cell brings in FOOD

What is the purpose of the immune system?

To fight infection

What are the 2 lines of defense in the immune system?

The first line of defense is the skin

The second line of defense are blood vessels

What is an antigen?

An antigen are proteins found on the surface of pathogens

What is an antibody?

Antibodies are proteins found on the surface of white blood cells.

Which type of immunity is permanent/long term

Active Immunity

Which type of immunity is short term?

Passive immunity

What is a vaccine? How do they work?

A vaccine is an injection of a mild form of pathogen.

What is the purpose of an antiviral?

To slow the production of newer viruses.

What is the purpose of taking antibiotics?

To treat bacterial infections. Do not work on viruses.

What is a pathogen? Name 2 examples and sources.

A disease causing agent (bad)

Examples are viruses and bacteria

Sources are Infected animals and contaiminated water