Eating Disorders, Somatic Symptom Disorders, and Violence Nursing Review

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms and concepts in eating disorders, somatic symptom disorders, family violence, and sexual assault nursing care.

Anorexia Nervosa

An eating disorder characterized by persistent energy intake restriction, significantly low body weight, fear of gaining weight or becoming fat, and disturbance in self-perceived weight or shape.

Restricting Type Anorexia Nervosa

A classification of anorexia nervosa where the client restricts food intake and does not engage in bingeing or purging.

Binge-Eating/Purging Type Anorexia Nervosa

A classification of anorexia nervosa where the client engages in bingeing or purging behaviors in addition to food restriction.

Bulimia Nervosa

An eating disorder characterized by recurrently eating large quantities of food over a short period of time followed by inappropriate compensatory behaviors.

Purging Type Bulimia Nervosa

A subtype of bulimia nervosa in which the client uses self-induced vomiting, laxatives, diuretics, or enemas to prevent weight gain.

Non-Purging Type Bulimia Nervosa

A subtype of bulimia nervosa in which the client uses non-purging compensatory behaviors, such as excessive exercise, fasting, or diet pills.

Binge-Eating Disorder

An eating disorder characterized by recurrently eating large quantities of food over a short period of time accompanied by a sense of lack of control, without the use of compensatory mechanisms.

Overgeneralizations

A cognitive distortion where broad conclusions are drawn from a single event, such as believing 'Other people don't like me because I'm fat.'

All-or-Nothing Thinking

A cognitive distortion involving extreme black-and-white reasoning, such as believing 'If I eat any dessert, I'll gain 50 lbs.'

Catastrophizing

A cognitive distortion characterized by exaggerating negative outcomes, such as believing 'My life is over if I gain weight.'

Personalization

A cognitive distortion where a client relates external events to themselves without cause, such as thinking 'When I walk through the hospital hallway, I know everyone is looking at me.'

Emotional Reasoning

A cognitive distortion where an individual believes their subjective feelings reflect objective reality, such as 'I know I look bad because I feel bloated.'

Lanugo

Fine, soft hair that grows on the face, back, and extremities of clients with severe anorexia nervosa.

Acrocyanosis

Cyanosis or blue discoloration of the extremities (hands and feet) observed in clients with anorexia nervosa.

Russell's Sign

Calluses or scars on the knuckles or hand resulting from repeated self-induced vomiting in purging bulimia nervosa.

Refeeding Syndrome

A potentially lethal complication caused by reintroducing food too quickly to malnourished clients, causing insulin surges that drive electrolyte intake into cells and severely deplete serum phosphate, potassium, and magnesium.

Pica

A feeding disorder characterized by eating nonfood items well past toddlerhood without an underlying medical or mental cause.

Rumination Disorder

A feeding disorder involving regurgitation of food with rechewing, reswallowing, or spitting, without any medical or mental cause.

Somatization

The expression of psychological stress through physical manifestations that cannot be explained by underlying pathology.

Somatic Symptom Disorder

A psychiatric condition where psychological distress manifests as physical symptoms without underlying pathology, accompanied by excessive time and anxiety spent worrying about these manifestations.

PHQ-15

The Patient Health Questionnaire 15, an assessment tool used to measure the presence and severity of physical/somatic symptoms over the past 4 weeks.

Illness Anxiety Disorder

A condition (formerly known as hypochondriasis) characterized by the misinterpretation of bodily sensations as evidence of a serious disease process, leading to obsessive fears and healthcare seeking or avoidance.

Conversion Disorder

Also known as functional neurologic disorder, a condition where emotional or psychological stressors transmit into physical neurologic deficits (such as blindness, paralysis, seizures, or gait disorders) without a neurological diagnosis.

La Belle Indifférence

A characteristic lack of emotional concern or distress regarding severe physical neurologic deficits, seen in some clients with conversion disorder.

Factitious Disorder

Previously known as Munchausen syndrome, a condition where a client consciously decides to falsely report or simulate physical or psychological manifestations to satisfy an emotional need for attention, without external reward.

Factitious Disorder Imposed on Another

Previously known as Munchausen syndrome by proxy, a condition where a person deliberately causes injury or illness to a vulnerable individual to fulfill an emotional need for attention or relief of responsibility.

Malingering

A non-mental illness behavior where physical or psychological symptoms are consciously fabricated for external personal gain, such as disability benefits, drug-seeking, or evading military service.

Tension-Building Phase

The first phase of the cycle of violence where the perpetrator has minor anger episodes and tension grows, while the victim becomes tense and accepts blame.

Acute Battering Phase

The most violent and shortest stage in the cycle of violence, occurring when tension becomes unbearable and serious abuse takes place.

Honeymoon Phase

The stage in the cycle of violence where the situation is temporarily defused, the perpetrator becomes loving and contrite, and the victim hopes for change.

Rape

Nonconsensual sexual activity involving penetration of the vagina or anus with any body part or object, or oral penetration by a sex organ, driven by violence, aggression, anger, and power.

Rape-Trauma Syndrome

A sustained and maladaptive response to forced, violent sexual penetration against an individual's will and consent.

Expressed Reaction

An initial emotional reaction to sexual assault that is overt and consists of emotional outbursts such as crying, laughing, hysteria, anger, and incoherence.

Controlled Reaction

An initial emotional reaction to sexual assault characterized by an ambiguous, calm, or blunted affect, along with numbness, confusion, and indecisiveness.

Compound Rape Reaction

A reaction to rape where the survivor experiences additional mental health or physical disorders, such as depression or substance use disorder, as a result of the assault.

Silent Rape Reaction

A reaction where the survivor does not tell anyone about the sexual assault, manifesting through abrupt relationship changes, nightmares, phobias, and suppressed trauma.

Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner (SANE)

A specially trained nurse who conducts physical examinations, provides injury care, collects legal evidence kits, and documents verbatim client statements following sexual assault.