PSYCOLGY PESONALITY , TRAIT APPROCH , PSYCODYMATIC THEORY , DEFENSE MECHANISM

What is personality?

A pattern of feelings, motives, and behaviors that makes people different from one another.

What are the 5 approaches to personality?

Trait, psychodynamic, social-cognitive, humanistic, and learning.

What is a trait?

An aspect of personality that is reasonably stable and helps explain how a person usually behaves.

What does the trait approach focus on?

The individual traits that make up a person’s personality.

What does the trait approach say about personality traits?

Traits are relatively stable and can explain consistent behavior in different situations.

What did Gordon Allport believe?

Personality is made up of specific traits, which are the building blocks of personality.

What did Allport say about traits?

He believed many traits were inherited.

What did Raymond Cattell identify?

16 basic source traits that make up human personality.

What are surface traits?

Traits that are easy to see or notice, like friendliness or tidiness.

What are source traits?

Underlying traits that cause or explain surface traits.

What did Hans Eysenck do?

Divided personality into four main traits/dimensions.

What are introverts generally like?

They tend to be more inward-focused, thoughtful, and comfortable with their own ideas.

What are extroverts generally like?

They tend to get energy from social interaction and enjoy being around others.

What does a stable personality describe?

Someone who is usually reliable, composed, and rational.

What does an unstable personality describe?

Someone who can be easily agitated, emotional, or unpredictable.

What are the Big Five personality traits?

Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism

What acronym helps remember the Big Five?

OCEAN

What is Openness?

Being curious, imaginative, and open to new experiences.

What is Conscientiousness?

Being responsible, organized, and careful.

What is Extraversion?

Being social, outgoing, and energized by interaction with others.

What is Agreeableness?

Being cooperative, friendly, and considerate of others.

What is Neuroticism?

A tendency toward emotional instability, worry, or being easily stressed.

What is a personality inventory?

A questionnaire that measures a wide range of feelings and behaviors to assess personality traits.

What was Freud’s approach to personality?

The psychodynamic/conflict approach.

What did Freud believe about the mind?

The conscious mind is only a small part of the mind and are pushed into the unconscious

What are Freud’s three structures of personality?

Id, Ego, Superego

What is the id?

The part of personality that wants immediate satisfaction.

What does the id want?

“I want it NOW.”

What drives does the id represent?

Basic drives such as hunger and thirst.

When is the id present?

At birth.

What is the superego?

the moral part of personality that focuses on right and wrong. developes through childhood

. What does the superego make you feel when you do something wrong?

Shame and guilt

What is the ego?

The part of personality that uses reason and good sense to deal with reality.

What is the ego guided by?

The reality principle.

What does the ego do?

It balances the id and superego.

What is a defense mechanism?

A method the ego uses to avoid or reduce anxiety caused by uncomfortable thoughts or emotions.

What is repression?

Pushing uncomfortable or anxiety-causing thoughts out of conscious awareness.

What is rationalization?

Using self-deception to justify unacceptable behavior or ideas.

What is displacement?

Transferring an emotion or impulse from a threatening target to a less threatening person or object

What is regression?

Returning to a behavior that was characteristic of an earlier stage of life.

What is projection?

→ Putting your own unwanted thoughts or feelings onto someone else.

What is denial?

Refusing to accept reality, especially something painful or upsetting.

What is reaction formation?

Acting opposite to your true feelings to hide them.

Sublimation

Channeling basic or unacceptable impulses into socially acceptable behavior.

What is compensation?

focusing on developing strengths in one area to make up for weaknesses in another