Easy-to-reach sample (first 100 people that walk into a store, your entire first period class)
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Voluntary response sample
Open invitation to join the sample (a mail-in survey sent to everyone in the district for people to choose whether they want to complete the form or not)
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Random sample
Chance process to select random individuals
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Simple random sample
The simplest method to choosing a random sample
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Stratified random sample
More complex method of random sampling where a population is divided into similar groups (called strata), and a select few from each group is chosen. This guarantees some level of representation which helps to bring more accurate data.
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Cluster sample
Sampling based on location, into groups of clusters.
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Systematic random sample
More methodic method of random sampling, where every nth member is chosen
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Inference
Conclusions drawn from samples
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Margin of error
Binds likely errors
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Undercoverage
Some of the population isn’t represented or cannot be chosen (sampling error). For example, older people are less likely to have mobile phones, so a survey carried out by calling mobile phone numbers will not properly represent the older generation.
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Nonresponse
Some of the samples do not participate. If the sample is ALREADY chosen, and people ACTIVELY choose not to send in their response.
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Voluntary response bias
People can CHOOSE to be part of the sample. This makes the data collected more extreme, as people with more middle-ground views will not feel strongly and take the time to respond.
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Response bias
Systematic pattern of incorrect responses. (People will say to a survey they do not do drugs in fear of
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Flashcard (42)