week 7 quiz

Functions of the Respiratory System

Gas exchange, regulation of blood pH, voice production, olfaction, protection.

Gas Exchange

The process of oxygen entering the blood and carbon dioxide being expelled.

Conducting Division of the Respiratory System

Carries air to and from the lungs; filters, moistens, and warms air; no gas exchange occurs.

Nasal Cavity

Contains nasal conchae that increase surface area to warm, humidify, and clean the air.

Larynx

Also known as the 'voice box,' it contains vocal cords.

Epiglottis

Structure that prevents food from entering the trachea during swallowing.

Pulmonary Ventilation

Process of breathing, involving inhalation and exhalation.

Inhalation

Diaphragm and external intercostals contract, causing the thoracic cavity to expand and air to move in.

Exhalation

Diaphragm and intercostals relax, causing thoracic cavity to shrink and air to move out.

Respiratory Bronchioles

Small airways leading to the alveoli, where gas exchange occurs.

Type I Cells

Simple squamous epithelium in alveoli responsible for gas exchange.

Type II Cells

Cells in the alveoli that produce surfactant to reduce surface tension.

Ciliated Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

Type of epithelium lining the trachea, involved in trapping debris.

GI Tract Organs

Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus.

Accessory Organs

Organs that support digestion but are not part of the GI tract; include salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas.

Peristalsis

Wave-like muscle contractions that move food through the GI tract.

Mucosa

Inner layer of the GI tract that secretes mucus and enzymes.

Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)

Stomach secretion that kills bacteria and activates digestive enzymes.

Duodenum

First part of the small intestine; mixing station for bile and pancreatic enzymes.

Small Intestine

Main site for nutrient absorption consists of duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.

Bile

Made in the liver, stored in the gallbladder, and emulsifies fats.

Pancreas Functions

Exocrine (digestive enzymes, bicarbonate) and endocrine (insulin, glucagon) functions.

Liver Functions

Detoxification, bile production, glucose storage, plasma protein synthesis, and red blood cell breakdown.

Peritoneum

Serous membrane that surrounds abdominal organs.

Mesentery

Tissue that anchors intestines and contains blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves.