Reading Quiz #6

Utopian Communities

what: rose from religious conviction or secular desire and all wanted to reorganize society and restore social harmony to a world of individualism and to open the gap between rich and poor.when: existed in the 1840s and 50s.
who: Some were democratic and other had a single leader, and most, but not all, were religious
-They developed the words socialism and communism to indicate a community that owned property collectively
-Most of them didn't treat women as mens property, and some further upended traditional gender roles. They generally had different relationships to private property
-They were a response to reform and individuality after the second great awakening.
-They were in rurual places isolated from the general community.

the shakers

who: founded by mother ann lee who was the daughter of an english blacksmith who became a religious exhorter and claimed that christ had directed her to emigrate with her follower in america what: the most successful of the religious communities and had a significant impact permeated by sin when: first shaker community started in 1787 in upstate NY and peaked in 1840s. where: stretched from maine to kentucky significance: thought they had a dual personality both male and female making the 2 sexes spiritually equal. completely ignored traditional family life: men and women lived separately and the community grew by attracting converts and adopting children

Onieda

who: John Humphrey Noyes when: 1848 where:upstate new york what: This was a religious utopian community significance: abolished private property, they condemned monogamous relationships, saying they are the root of societal problems.
-It lasts for about 30 years, but it had problem because people spied on one another, and they decided who was allowed to have kids.

brook farm

who: new england transcendentalists when: 1841 where: boston what: they hoped to demonstrate that manual and intellectual labor could coexist harmoniously. They modeled the community in part on the idea of the French social reformer Charles Fourier, who envisioned communal living and working arrangements, while retaining private property.

robert owen

who: british factory owner where: new lanark, scotland what: created a model factory village at New Lanark, Scotland, which combined strict rules of work discipline with comfortable housing and free public education. Around 1815, employees made New Lanark the largest center of cotton manufacturing in the world . Convinced that the "rich and the poor, the governors and the governed, have really but one interest," Owen promoted communitarianism as a peaceful means of ensuring that workers received the full value of their labor. purchased the harmony community in Indiana

communitarianism

a person who plans or lives in a cooperative community

new harmony

originally founded by george rapp but purchased in 1824 by robert owen where he hoped to create a new moral world. children would be removed at an early age to be educated in schools where they would be trained to subordinate individual ambition to the common good. owen also defended women rights especially the right to education and divorce

josiah warren

he was an early american anarchist (one that thinks all institutions that exercise power over individuals including government are illegitimate) and he established unregulated voluntary settlements. in attempt to solve the labor problem he created stores where goods were exchanged according to the amount of work that had gone into producing them which prevented middlemen like bankers from sharing in the hard earned income of farmers. marriage in warrens community was purely voluntary since no laws regulated personal behavior.

perfectionism

saw both individuals and society at large as capable of indefinite improvement.Due to the new liberal movements and religious fervor, many Americans believed that perfection was attainable. Therefore, a series of movements took place to perfect society, such as prison reform, temperance, etc.

temperance movement

1826 and directed its efforts to redeeming not only habitual drunkards but also the occasional drinker

american temperance society

when: 1826 what: directed its efforts to redeeming habitual drunkards but also the occasional drinker. 1830s they persuaded thousands of americans to renounce liquor and the consumption of liquor fell

philip schuff

who: german minister when:1843 where: emigrated to penn what: wrote that national freedom comes from moral ground and self control of individual citizens

common school

tax supported state school systems open to all children established by horace mann. created the first real career opportunity for women who quickly came to dominate the ranks of teachers

horace mann

massachusetts lawyer and whig politician who served as director of the states board of education and was the eras leading educational reformer. his annual reports read by the country combined conservatism and radicalism and social control. he hoped that universal public education could restore equality to a fractured society by bringing children of all classes together in a common learned experience and equipping the less fortunate to advance in the social scale. he argued that schools saved children who grew up in households that failed to instill the proper discipline