PSYC332 - Ch5 (Alfred Adler)

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Alfred Adler (neofreudian)

26 Terms

1

Alfred Adler

  • developed approach of individual psyc

  • contributions to understanding of personality

    • notion of striving for superiority

    • role of parental influence on personality development

    • effects of birth order

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2

Life of Adler

Childhood

  • marked by illness, awareness of death, intense jealousy of older & younger brothers

  • feelings of inferiority

  • compensated for weakness through persistence

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3

striving for superiority

single motivating force that can subsume all other motives

  • all individs life begins w/ feelings of inferiority

  • all individ actions aims to establish sense of superiority over lifes obstacles

  • excessive feelings of inferiority lead to inferiority complex

  • social interest combined w/ superiority striving indicates mental health of a person

  • urge toward perfection or completion that motivates each person

    • innate goal is future oriented

  • fictional finalism

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4

fictional finalism

imagined or potential fictional goals (ppl more influenced by future goals than past events)

  • goals guide behavior toward a complete state of being

these fictions are determinants of lifestyle (goal is to help ppl/make society better → that is good)

  • mean world vs good world

    →determine how you will act/behave towards others

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5

striving is the essence of being human

lifestyle is the personality structure

  • psychological processes that we need to reach goal

  • established very young (childhood experiences)

  • ppl use diff means to reach same goal)

social interest

  • ppls innate ability to socialize

  • crucial to adjustment

striving process

  • based on unique feeling of inferiority that develops early in life

maladjustment

  • feeling too inferior

  • social interest not sufficiently developed

  • striving for goals to make u feel better than everyone

  • at odds w/ being social

→nothing wrong w/ superiority, just reasons for wanting/achieving goal

→SUBJECTIVE

<p>lifestyle is the personality structure</p><ul><li><p>psychological processes that we need to reach goal</p></li><li><p>established very young (childhood experiences)</p></li><li><p>ppl use diff means to reach same goal)</p></li></ul><p>social interest</p><ul><li><p>ppls innate ability to socialize</p></li><li><p>crucial to adjustment</p></li></ul><p>striving process</p><ul><li><p>based on unique feeling of inferiority that develops early in life</p></li></ul><p>maladjustment</p><ul><li><p>feeling too inferior</p></li><li><p>social interest not sufficiently developed</p></li><li><p>striving for goals to make u feel better than everyone</p></li><li><p>at odds w/ being social </p></li></ul><p>→nothing wrong w/ superiority, just reasons for wanting/achieving goal</p><p>→SUBJECTIVE </p>
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6

feelings of inferiority

are motivational

  • drive to accomplish

  • healthy

  • need to succeed

overwhelmed by …

  • inferiority complex

  • neurosis

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7

inferiority complex

develops when a person is unable to compensate for normal inferiority feelings

  • characteristics: poor self opinions, feel helpless, find difficult to cope w/ life demands

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8

superiority complex

develops when a person overcompensates for normal inferiority feelings

  • characteristics: boastful, self centered, tend to belittle others

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9

parental influence on personality development

parental behaviors that lead to problems in childs life

  1. pampering

  2. neglect

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10

pampering

parental behavior that lead to problems

  • robs child of independence & adds to feelings of inferiority

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11

neglect

parental behaviors that lead to problems

  • children who receive little attention from parents

    • grow cold & suspicious

    • incapable of warm personal relationships

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12

causes of inferiority complexes

  1. organic inferiority= someone born w/ some kind of disability

  2. spoiling/pampering

  3. neglecting

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13

organic inferiority

someone born w/ some kind of disability

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14

style of life

  • unique character structure or pattern of behavior

    • expression of striving is diff & unique for every person

  • influenced by social interactions

  • mistaken lifestyles (ruling dominant, getting leaning, avoiding, socially useful)

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15

Ruling dominant type

mistaken lifestyles

  • attacking

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16

getting leaning type

mistaken lifestyles

  • dependent

  • always expecting from others

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17

avoiding type

mistaken lifestyles

  • ignores problems

  • avoiding ppl/situations

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18

Socially useful type

mistaken lifestyles

  • cooperative

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19

where faulty lifestyles come from

  1. physical inferiority

    • compensation, overcompensation, inferiority complex, superiority complex

  2. spoiling & pampering

    • up to others to satisfy every need

  3. neglect

    • child feels worthless & angry, looks at others w/ distrust

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20

Safeguarding strategies

similar to freuds defense mechanisms

  1. excuses

  2. aggression (3 forms):

    • depreciation= depreciating some1 else to make yourself feel better

    • idealization= unrealistic high standards to judge ppl

    • solitude= treating others as if they are incapable of caring for themselves

  3. accusation= accusing ppl of stuff

  4. blaming others for shortcomings

  5. self accusation

  6. distancing

  7. moving backwards

  8. creating onstacles

  9. no lose situations

  10. it was hard anyways

  11. i was sick

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21

depreciation

safeguarding strategy, aggression

  • depreciating some1 else to make self feel better

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22

idealization

safeguarding strategies

  • unrealistic high standards to judge ppl

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23

solicitude

safeguarding strategies

  • treating others as if they are incapable of caring for themselves

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24

firstborn child

  • subject to excessive attention from parents

  • arrival of 2nd child ends pampering

  • strong perception of inferiority

  • among 1stborn we often find problem children, neurotics, criminals, drunkards, perverts

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25

middle-born child

  • develop strong superiority striving

  • highest achievers

  • trying to catch up w/ older siblings

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26

last-born child

  • pampered throughout childhood

  • vulnerable to strong inferiority feelings

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