APUSH Unit 1 UHS 26-27

Bartolomé de las Casas

Date: Beginning of exploration. Who: Spanish churchman. What: Spoke out against conquistadors and wrote about the horrors toward the New World. Where: Spain/New World. When: Beginning of exploration. Why: One of the first good examples of pushback against exploration.

Black Legend

Date: 16th century. Who: English writers/translators spreading de las Casas's writings. What: Translated his writings into English and spread them throughout England. Where: England. When: 16th century. Why: Spread bad rumors about Spain and helped establish England as a future liberator.

Pueblo Revolt

Date: 1680. Who: Native American tribes, specifically Chief Popé, involving about 80,000 Native Americans. What: Attacked the Spanish and kicked them out for 12 years. Where: Santa Fe/New Mexico. When: 1680. Why: One of the few examples of a successful Native American revolt.

Jacques Cartier and Samuel de Champlain

Date: 1541 and 1608. Who: French explorers. What: Founded Quebec and established French Canada

Virginia Company

Date: 1607. Who: Private investors. What: Joint-stock company given a charter by the government of England. Where: Virginia. When: 1607. Why: First joint-stock company where the king was not the primary investor

Powhatan Confederacy

Date: Around 1607. Who: Chief Powhatan and about 30,000 Native Americans. What: Alliance of Native American groups. Where: Jamestown/Virginia. When: Around 1607. Why: Result of bad experiences with Europeans and shaped relations between Native Americans and English colonists.

Headright System

Date: Colonial period. Who: Wealthy people who paid for others to go to the New World. What: For every person they paid to send, they received 50 acres, or a headright, of land. Where: English colonies. When: Colonial period. Why: Promised large amounts of land that were often already inhabited or claimed by Native Americans.

Virginia, 1619

Date: 1619. Who: Enslaved Africans. What: Introduction of slavery into Virginia. Where: Virginia. When: 1619. Why: Important early development of slavery in the English colonies.

Middle Passage

Date: During the Atlantic slave trade. Who: Enslaved Africans. What: Travel from Africa to America on slave ships. Where: Atlantic Ocean, Africa to America. When: During the Atlantic slave trade. Why: Significant because of the horrible conditions endured by enslaved people.

Seasoning Time

Date: Early colonial period. Who: Colonists. What: Time needed to adjust and survive in a new environment. Where: Jamestown, Virginia. When: When colonists survived past one year in Jamestown. Why: Improved sanitation, including clean water, helped colonists survive and adjust to the environment.

House of Burgesses

Date: 1619. Who: Representatives in Virginia. What: First example of representative government in the Americas. Where: Virginia. When: 1619. Why: Important early example of representative government in colonial America.

Bacon's Rebellion

Date: 1676. Who: Nathaniel Bacon and his followers against Governor William Berkeley. What: Dispute over land equity and Native American policy. Some accounts say Bacon was being attacked by Native Americans while Berkeley refused to respond

Toleration Act of 1649

Date: 1649. Who: Christians in Maryland. What: First example of religious tolerance for Christians

Stono Rebellion

Date: 1739. Who: Enslaved people led by Jemmy. What: Rebellion in which enslaved people attempted to escape toward Florida after Spanish authorities offered freedom to escaped slaves. Where: South Carolina, toward Spanish Florida. When: 1739. Why: The Maryland militia stopped the group, and the rebellion contributed to the passage of slave codes.

Congregationalism

Date: Colonial period. Who: Particularly Calvinists/Puritans. What: Idea of a religious community that governs itself. Where: New World and Calvinist communities. When: Colonial period. Why: Important because the idea of communities governing themselves connects to the development of democratic ideas in American history.

First Great Migration

Date: 1630–1640. Who: Puritans. What: Puritans came to the New World and brought their entire churches and families with them, including carpenters and builders. Where: England to New England. When: 1630–1640. Why: Led to great urban planning and high survival rates

General Court

Date: 1630. Who: Representatives in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. What: Representative democratic government, like the House of Burgesses. Where: Boston, Massachusetts Bay Colony. When: 1630. Why: Local representation of a democratic government and a political difference from England

Halfway Covenant

Date: 1662. Who: Puritan adults and their children. What: Because by the 1660s children were failing the conversion narrative, unconverted Puritan adults could still baptize their children. Where: Massachusetts Bay Colony. When: 1662. Why: Led to controversy, which contributed to religious pluralism and secularism in the Massachusetts Bay Colony.

Antinomianism

Date: Around 1662. Who: People challenging Puritan religious authority. What: Term used to describe disrupting Puritan unity and consensus

Roger Williams

Date: 1635. Who: Roger Williams, an antinomian. What: Advocated for religious freedom, purchased land from Native Americans, and believed in a separate and distinct church and state. He was kicked out of Massachusetts and founded Rhode Island. Where: Massachusetts and Rhode Island. When: Founded Rhode Island in 1635. Why: Important for ideas of religious freedom and separation of church and state.

King Philip's War

Date: 1675–1676. Who: Wampanoags and English settlers

Dominion of New England

Date: 1686–1689. Who: England under James II

Glorious Revolution

Date: 1688. Who: James II, William of Orange, and Mary of Orange. What: James II, who was Catholic, was overthrown by William and Mary of Orange. Where: England. When: 1688. Why: Provided a model for changing a monarchy that Americans would later use

Colonial Revolt of 1689

Date: 1689. Who: American colonists and royal government. What: Colonists revolted against the Dominion of New England. The Dominion ended and representative government returned through the General Court. Massachusetts and Plymouth were combined and were no longer dominated by the Puritans. Where: Massachusetts/New England. When: 1689. Why: Ended the Dominion of New England and restored representative government

John peter Zenger’s Trial

Date: 1735 Who: John Peter Zenger, a German-American printer. What: A landmark case for freedom of the press that determined that truth is a defense against charges of libel. Where: New York. When: 1735. Why: Set Precendent for freedom of press and of speech in colonies

Holy Expiriment

Date: 1680, Who: William Penn, What: Pennsylvania used as a holy expiriment for religious freedom and democratic government. Where: Pennsylvania. When: 1680. Why: It aimed to provide a refuge for Quakers and promote tolerance among different faiths.

The Enlightenment

Date: 1660s-1770s, Who: Philosophers in new & old world, What: a seprating from religious ideals to more secular ideals, Where: old and new world, When 1660s-1770s Why: set foundation for principles of American Government