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Enzymes

Proteins that speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy.

Active Site

The region of an enzyme where substrate molecules bind and undergo a chemical reaction.

Lock and Key Model

A model that explains how specific substrates fit into a specific enzyme's active site.

Feedback Inhibition

A regulatory mechanism where the production of a product inhibits the enzyme's activity to prevent excess accumulation.

Passive Transport

The movement of molecules across a cell membrane without the use of energy (ATP), occurring from high to low concentration.

Active Transport

The movement of substances across a cell membrane using energy (ATP), often against a concentration gradient.

Diffusion

The process by which molecules spread from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until uniform.

Facilitated Diffusion

The process of transporting molecules across a cell membrane through protein channels, without the use of ATP.

Osmosis

The diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane from a region of low solute concentration to a region of high solute concentration.