Evolution and Biodiversity

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25 Terms

1

Genetics

The study of heredity.

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2

Genes

Chunks of DNA that carry genetic information.

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3

Alleles

Different forms of the same gene.

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4

Chromosomes

Structures that contain two copies of each gene, organized in pairs (23 pairs total).

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5

Evolution

Change in allele frequency in a population over time.

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6

Mutation

A change in the DNA sequence.

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7

Advantageous Mutation

Mutations that code for new traits that increase fitness.

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8

Deleterious Mutation

Mutations that code for new traits that reduce fitness.

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9

Neutral Mutation

Mutations that neither change nor affect fitness.

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10

Gene Flow

The introduction of new individuals with different allele frequencies to a population.

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11

Genetic Drift

Random changes in allele frequencies due to chance events.

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12

Bottleneck Effect

An event that results in a drastic reduction of a population size.

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13

Natural Selection

The process by which some traits help survival and increase in frequency.

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14

Evolutionary Adaptation

Increase in frequency of traits within a population that suit it to its environment.

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15

Species

A group of individuals that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring.

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16

Speciation

The process by which one species splits into two species.

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17

Allopatric Speciation

Speciation that occurs due to physical barriers separating populations.

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18

Sympatric Speciation

Speciation that occurs in the same area but different habitats.

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19

Gametic Isolation

A reproductive barrier where species' gametes cannot fuse.

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20

Mechanical Isolation

A reproductive barrier where species' genital openings cannot align.

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21

Transitional Forms

Fossils that link the past and present species.

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22

Biogeography

The study of the geographic distribution of species.

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23

Comparative Anatomy

The comparison of body structures between different species.

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24

Vestigial Structures

Leftover structures from ancestors that are no longer functional.

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25

Comparative Embryology

The study of similarities in early developmental stages among different species.

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