PSYCHOPATHOLOGIES

Psychopathology

The scientific study of mental illness and relevant factors contributing to such disorders, including biology, psychology, and social influences.

Psychodiagnostics

The process of arriving at a clinical diagnosis based on descriptive criteria related to agreed-upon symptoms of pathology.

Developmental Psychopathology

A framework that examines disorders in the context of typical development, emphasizing how maladaptive patterns indicate different developmental pathways.

Atypical Development

Development that diverges from normative or typical behaviors and can be assessed through statistical and sociocultural perspectives.

Equifinality

The concept that different circumstances or processes can lead to the same outcome, particularly in the context of mental disorders.

Multifinality

The principle that similar circumstances can result in different outcomes for individuals.

Risk Factors

Influences that increase the likelihood of harmful outcomes, often cumulative and arising from personal, familial, or social environments.

Resilience Factors

Attributes or resources that enable an individual to cope with stress and adversity, promoting positive adaptation despite risk.

Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)

A condition in which children do not establish healthy attachments to caregivers, characterized by lack of seeking comfort and persistent emotional disturbances.

Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder (DSED)

A disorder marked by overly familiar behavior with strangers and lack of appropriate checking back with caregivers.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

A neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in social communication and the presence of restricted, repetitive behaviors.

Intellectual Disability (ID)

Significantly impaired cognitive functioning and deficits in adaptive behavior, typically diagnosed at or before birth.

Developmental Coordination Disorder

A neurodevelopmental disorder that affects the ability to plan and coordinate physical movements.

Sensorimotor Processing Disorder

A condition where a child's nervous system and brain misinterpret sensory input, affecting their ability to respond to sensory stimuli.

PICA

A feeding disorder characterized by the persistent craving and consumption of non-nutritive substances.

Elimination Disorders

Disorders characterized by inappropriate elimination of urine or feces, as seen in enuresis and encopresis.

Cultural Context

The influences of culture on what is considered typical or atypical in behavior and the assessment of psychopathology.