Chapter 2 Micro

Mutualism

Where two organisms benefit from the sbares relationship they have

Parasitism

When one organism benefits from the share relationship, and the other organism is harmed

Commensalism

When one organism benefits from the shared relationship, and the other is not harmed, but doesn’t dervie a benefit either

Infectivity, Virulence

Pathogenicity is a measure of _____ (how easily an oorganism causes disease in its host) and _______ (how severe the disease is.)

inverse

Lethal Dose (LD₅₀ ) and infectious Dose (ID₅₀) both have an _______ relationship with virulence and infectiivty respectively

high

If a paritcular pateint has a low LD₅₀, then it has _____ virulence

low

if a particular pathogen has a high LD₅₀, it has a ____ virulence

high

If a particular species has a low ID₅₀, then it has a _____ infectvity

low

If a particular pathogen has a high ID₅₀, then it has a _____ infectivty

1. Organism might be location dependent – might be harmless in one region of the body, but can be pathogenic if it enters a different region.
2. Different strains of species may contain virulence factors that aid them in pathogenic behaviors

What are two reasons that an norgnaism might be claffied as an occasional pathogen?

1. Colonize the Host

2. Evade (avoid) Host Cell Defenses

3. Damage the Host

Virulence factors are various genes that certain species of organisms contain that aid an organism in pathogenesis. What are the three main categories of virulence factors?

A sign

Is Jaunduce a sign or symptom?

A sign

Is a fever a sign or symptom?

symptom.

Are body aches a symptom or sign?

Symptom

Is extreme tiredness a sign or symptom?

Sign

Is a rash a sign or symptom?

Symptom

Is a headache a sign or symptom?

Incubation phase- Microbe/pathogen infeces personm no symtpoms or signs

What is the first stage of infectious disease?

Prodromal phase- nonspecific symptoms and signs

What is the second stage of infectious disease?

Illness phase- active infection, showing the major siigns and symptoms relating to that pathogen, immune system at highest activity

What is the third stage of infectious disease?

Decline phase- Sign and symptoms begin to subside, immune system clearing pathogen

What is the fourth stage of infectious disease?

Convalescence- fully recovered, no longer exhibiting any signs or symptoms

What is the fifth stage of infectious disease?

Horizontal transmission

_____ ________ is the transfer of disease from one person or animal to another/

Vertical transmission

_________ ___________ is the direct transfer of disease from parent to offspring

Vector

A ______ is an organism, like a mosquito, capable of spreading illness from an infected person to a new person who does not have the disease itslef.

resorvior

A _____ is an animal, organism, or an environment thatn onormally harbors the pathogen

Carrier

A ____ is a person or other orgnaism who has the disease but not the symptoms and is capable of passing it to another person

Endemic

A disease in which it is always present in a population at a low rate

Epidemic

A disease in which the number is cases increases in a population very quickly

Pandemic

A disease in which the spread of the disease has gone global

1.Fecal-Oral Route
2. Parenteral Route
3. Genitourinary Route
4. Entry through Eye
5. Respiratory Route
6. Entry through skin

What are the 6 main prortals of access pathogens potentially can utilize to make a human sick?

Hospital Acquired Infection or Nosocomial Infection

A _______ _______ ______ __ __________ __________ is an infection that is acquired in a hospital or otherhealth care facility, in which that patient didn’t have that particular disease prior to entering the facility, nor was it the reason they came to the facility in the first place

What are some host risk factors that go into determining a person’s susceptibility to getting disease?

Age, hygiene, diet, nutrition, exercise/activity level, immunocompromisation, occupation, pre-existing conditions, etc.