chapter 1 powerplant

Force

is that which, when acting on a body which is free to move, causes it to move, or conversely, that which stops, or changes the direction of a moving body. (Units: Newtons or

Pounds force)

Force

produced when a mass is accelerated. Force =Mass x Acceleration (F=M x A) ie A Force

moves the Piston down the cylinder.

Work Done

force is defined as the product of the Force and the Distance moved in the

direction of the applied force. (Units: Joules or Foot pounds) ie The piston is moved from the top

to the bottom of the cylinder by a force.

Energy

The capacity of a body to do work.

The Law of Conservation of Energy

"Energy can be neither created nor destroyed; only its form may be changed"

Power

is the rate of doing work.

Newton's Laws of Motion

deal with the properties of moving objects (or bodies). It is easy to

see a piston or crankshaft move, but air is also a body, and will obey Newton's Laws. It should be remembered that air is the working fluid within the engine.

First Law of Motion

"A body will remain at rest or in uniform motion in a straight line unless acted

on by an external force".

Inertia

The piston moving down the cylinder does not want to stop. This

opposition of a body to change its motion or state of rest is called

Newtons 1st Law

known as the Inertia Law

second law of motion

"The acceleration of a body from a state of rest, or uniform motion in a straight

line, is proportional to the applied force and inversely proportional to the mass".

Newton's second law

known as the momentum kaw

Third Law of Motion

"For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction".

Thermodynamics

Is the study of Heat / Pressure energy. (Or the behaviour of gases and vapours under variations

of temperature and pressure).

first law of thermodynamics

"Heat and Mechanical energy are mutually convertible and the rate of exchange

is constant and can be measured".

Second law of thermodynamics

"Heat cannot be transferred from a region at a lower temperature to one at a

higher temperature without the expenditure of energy from an external source".

Potential Energy

the energy due to the height or position

Kinetic Energy

the energy due to pressure, and the energy due to movement

Venturi tube

has an inlet which narrows to a throat, and an outlet section, relatively longer, which increases

in diameter towards the rear.

Mass Flow

is dependent on the Area x Density x Velocity and is a constant.

Boyle's Law

"In a gas held at a constant temperature, the volume is inversely proportional to the pressure."

Charles' Law or Gay-Lussac's Law

"If any gas is held at a constant pressure, its volume is directly proportional to the absolute temperature".

Combined Gas Law

is a combination of Boyle's law and Charles'

Law and represents the relationship between Volume Pressure and Temperature