California History FINAL

Dame Shirley

Toured the mining camps during the Gold Rush, her letters to her sister are “the best account” of the rough life of mining camps

Bret Har

Condemned the massacre of Indians and wrote sentimental mining stories

Mark Twain

“Lincoln of our literature”, “The celebrated jumping frogs of calaveras county” made him famous, “Roughing it” described his western experience

Joaquin Miller

His flashy writing style got him publicity and he’s famous for a poem about Christopher Colombus

Trace the development of transportation technology in 19^th century California.  What ended the Pony Express?  

Due to the rapid population growth during the Gold Rush it spurred the need to improve transportation. Before the railroad, paddlewheel steamers, wagons, and carriages and of course the Pony Express. What ended the Pony Express was the invention of the telegraph.

What was the contribution of Theodore Judah to the transcontinental railroad?

Theodore Judah dreamed of building a great railroad and pushed for the railroad until it was able to get authorized in 1862

Describe the federal and state aid given to the Central Pacific Railroad.

Assets for the Central Pacific Railroad was $100,000, Investment of 15,000, and an ultimate return of $200 million.

What was the nature of this support? 

The nature of the support of this project was met with lots of skepticism but one with the hope of a big return of PROFITS

What major obstacle blocked early proposals for a transcontinental railroad route?

Sectional bitterness between North and South

What role did Chinese laborers on the Central Pacific play?

Skeptic if small men could so such hard work and were often subject to racism.

Who were the Big Four?  What motivated them? 

Collis Huntington, Leland Standford, Charles Crocker and Mark Hopkins – Profits from Sacramento

Which of them was the president of the Central Pacific Railroad?  VP?

Leland Stanford was President and VP was Collis Huntington

Which one organized the Chinese workers & supervised construction?

Charles Crocker

Trace the development of the Big Four’s transportation and land monopolies in California.  What were the effects of the railroad’s monopolies on California society?

National Panic, unemployment, political corruption.

What economic impact did the transcontinental railroad have on California?

It did NOT bring immediate prosperity

What companies owned the most land in California in the late 19^th century?

Southern Pacific Railroad

William Chapman Ralston  

Organized the Bank of California

William Sharon

Helped Manage the bank of California

Describe the Comstock silver boom of 1859-1864.

Worlds riches deposit of silver which led people to leave California making it a time economic challenges

Who were the participants, and what was the nature of mining during this rush?

california capital and workers went

How did it affect California’s economy?

Threw California into economic challenges

Explain the reasons for California’s political upheaval of the 1870s

SPR was corrupt on all levels but employed majority of California

Why did the Workingmen’s party emerge at this time?

It came about because of the LA Times building was bombed

What was the Workingman’s Party of California? 

Led Anti-Chinese agitation and successfully lobbied for a revision of the state constitution but did little help workers

What role did Denis Kearney play?

Founder of the Workingman’s party of California

Why did the federal government ban Chinese immigration in 1882? 

It was a CA congressman who got congress to pass the act, it was the 1^st immigration law in U.S. History

What ethnic group was in the vanguard of the anti-Chinese movement in the 1870s in San Francisco?

Irish - white people???

Describe the 1910 L.A. Times building explosion.

Los Angeles govt. And businesses resisted in keeping the open shop, work was open to non-union workers.

What were the distinctives of the CA labor union movement?

Jobs closed to non-union members, successful unions co-opted the vision of the political left, formed local political parties, broader umbrella union organizations (democrats gave them some power)

The beginnings of the wheat industry

It came after the drought and disease decimated the Cattle Industry

The beginnings of the wine industry

Agoston Haraszthy brought back 20,000 cuttings and roots from Europe and created the Wine industry

The beginnings of the citrus industry

Navel oranges from Brazil, Refrigerated railroad cars, and growth caused it to flourish

What stimulated the development of the orange industry in the 1870s?

Navel Oranges, refrigerator, and growth was better away from the costal fog belt

What region in California had the greatest population growth from the 1880s on- ward?

Southern California

Explain the factors which gave rise to the southern California real estate “booms” of the late 19^th and early 20^th centuries.

Health Propaganda, Urban Growth, and Urban Transportation improvement

Describe the activities of George Chaffey and his company?

George Chaffey – Canadian Born irrigation engineer who used irrigation projects to establish/found towns

 Henry George

Progress & Poverty 1879 proposed a “single tax” on “unearned increments as a panacea

Frank Norris

Wrote Anti-Trust novels like The Octopus

Jack London

Writer, socialist with rough backgrounds; he extolled heroic qualities

Briefly explain the methods and importance of the historiography sponsored by Hubert Howe Bancroft.

A 39 volume of CA history published from 1882 – 1890, it was led by Henry Oak but he gets very little credit

Discuss the development of higher education in California in the late 19^th century.  Specifically, what was involved in the founding of the University of California?

A Congregation and Presbyterian college merged with a proposed agricultural college to organize at Berkeley this the University of California began especially after receiving money from Pheobe Hearst

Who dominated San Francisco journalism in the early 20^th century?

William Randoplh Hearst

Who was Abraham Ruef?

City government graft was led by him

How did the 1906 earthquake/fire seem to affect San Francisco public attitudes toward corruption and inefficiency in the city government?

The public’s reputation towards corruption and inefficiency was hostile, unions formed, officials were fired.

Which caused more damage—the earthquake itself or the fires that ensued?

The Fires

Why was Hiram Johnson picked as leader of the reform movement in 1910?

He was a prosecutor that brough ‘judgement’

What advantages did California offer American movie-makers?

Variety of settings, sunny weather,  and possible escape to Mexico to avoid patent lawsuits

How did the Great Depression of the 1930s affect the movie industry?

  Despite the Great Depression the movie industry continued to prosper!

Who was Henry Huntington?

Henry Huntington owned the Pacific Electric Company’s Big red Car (Cable car) and he gifted his library to society.

What policies did Governor Earl Warren support?

   He didn’t support the Japanese internment camps