APES Unit 1 Study Guide Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering key topics in AP Environmental Science Unit 1, including population dynamics, demographic transition, ecological footprint, and resource management.

Tragedy of the Commons

The concept suggesting that individuals will use shared resources in their own self-interest rather than keeping with the common good, thereby depleting the resources.

Ecological Footprint

A measurement that compares resource demands and waste production required for an individual or a society.

Age Structure Diagram

A diagram used to interpret population growth rates by its shape, where a rapidly growing population has a higher proportion of younger people compared to stable or declining populations.

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

A population metric affected by the age at which females have their first child, educational opportunities for females, access to family planning, and government acts and policies.

Replacement Level Fertility

The fertility rate level at which a population is considered relatively stable.

Infant Mortality Rate Factors

Factors influencing infant mortality over time, including whether mothers have access to good healthcare and nutrition.

Human Population Dynamics

The growth and decline of human populations determined by birth, death, immigration, and emigration rates, which are affected by access to education, family planning, healthcare, and nutrition.

Malthusian Theory

A theory setting forth basic factors that limit human population growth alongside the Earth's carrying capacity.

Rate of Natural Increase (RNI)

A demographic metric measuring population growth or decline, calculated by subtracting the crude death rate from the crude birth rate, typically expressed as a percentage.

Doubling Time

An estimate of how long it takes for a population to double, calculated by dividing $70$ by the annual population growth rate expressed as a percentage.

Demographic Transition

The transition from high to lower birth and death rates in a country or region as development occurs and it moves from a pre-industrial to an industrialized economic ecosystem.

Demographic Transition Model (DTM)

A four-stage model that demonstrates the transition of a country moving from high to lower birth and death rates as economic development occurs.

Developing Countries

Countries characterized by higher infant mortality rates and a higher proportion of children in the workforce compared to developed countries.