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Outer Membrane
Channels for pyruvate to enter the mitochondriondria
The outer membrane is not permeable to protons (H+), allowing a high concentration of protons to build up in the intermembrane space.
The outer membrane contains protein channels, which allows pyruvate to enter the mitochondrion from the cell’s cytoplasm.
Intermembrane space
Small space allowing rapid accumulation of protons
The space between the membranes is small, allowing the rapid accumulation of protons.
Inner Membrane
Contains the proteins of the electron transport chain and ATP synthase.
The inner membrane contains the electron transport chain which actively transports protons into the intermembrane space.
The inner membrane also contains proton channels and ATP synthase. Protons travel through the channels, providing the energy for ATP synthase to convert ADP and Pi to ATP.
Cristae
The inner membrane has many folds, known as cristae, which increase surface area.
The inner membrane is highly folded into cristae. The cristae increase the surface area of the inner membrane.
Matrix
Contains DNA, ribosomes, and all of the enzymes involved in the link reaction and the Krebs cycle.
Contains the enzymes and metabolites required for the link reaction and Krebs cycle.
Chromosome
Mitochondria have a single circular chromosome. The chromosomes contain the genetic information for making all of the proteins, including enzymes, involved in aerobic respiration
70 S Ribosomes
Synthesize the proteins required for aerobic respiration.
