Lecture 1: The Cerebrum

CNS

where information is processed:

brainstem, cerebellum, diencephalon, cerebrum, basal ganglia

-spinal cord

components of the central nervous system:

grey matter

The portions of the central nervous system that are abundant in cell bodies of neurons rather than axons. Unmyelinated.

ganglion

-grey matter

collection of neuron cell bodies outside the CNS

axons connecting neighboring or distant nuclei of cerebral cortex

define tract of white matter:

telencephalon

the cerebrum is aka

thalamus, hypothalamus

what structures make up the diencephalon?

midbrain, pons, medulla

components of the brain stem

tract

name for a bundle of axons running together

gray matter

a portion of the CNS consisting of (cell bodies), their dendrites and synaptic connections

white matter

Whitish nervous tissue of the CNS consisting of neurons and their myelin sheaths.

Telencephalon

the cerebrum is also known as

corpus collosum

the two hemispheres of the cerebrum are connected by

Sulcus

groove

gyrus

A ridged or raised portion of a convoluted brain surface.

vermis

the 2 hemispheres of the cerebellum are connected by

Forel Axis

horizontal axis in relation to cerebrum

-separates superior/inferior

Maynert Axis

brain axis through the spinal cord, brain stem, and cerebellum

-ventral, dorsal, caudal

Rostrum of Corpus Callosum

ID

Genu of Corpus Callosum

ID (be specific)

trunk of corpus callosum

ID (be specific)

splenium of corpus callosum

ID (be specific)

particularly deep sulcus

define fissure:

central sulcus

separates frontal and parietal lobes

lateral fissure

separates temporal lobe from frontal and parietal lobes

parieto-occipital sulcus

separates parietal and occipital lobes

pre-occipital notch

the notch that serves as the bottom point of the imaginary dividing line between the temporal and occipital lobes; the top of the parieto-occipital sulcus is the top point

cingulate sulcus

Separates frontal and parietal lobes from cingulate gyrus

precentral gyrus

ID

superior frontal gyrus

the frontal lobe gyrus that runs horizontally along the top of the lobe

-medial

middle frontal gyrus

the frontal lobe gyrus that is located between the superior and inferior frontal gyri

inferior frontal gyrus

the frontal lobe gyrus that is located just inferior to the middle frontal gyrus

orbital part of inferior frontal gyrus

most anterior portion of inferior frontal gyrus

postcentral gyrus

between central sulcus and postcentral sulcus

intraparietal sulcus

Separates superior and inferior parietal lobules

superior parietal lobe

ID

inferior parietal lobule

ID B

supramarginal gyrus

part of inferior parietal lobulus

angular gyrus

part of inferior parietal lobe

posterior paracentral lobule

on the medial surface of parietal lobe

precuneus

ID landmark of the parietal lobe

superior temporal gyrus

ID

middle temporal gyrus

ID

inferior temporal gyrus

ID

occipitotemporal gyrus

-separated from limbic lobe by collateral sulcus

-partly in temporal and partly in occipital lobes

cuneus

wedge shaped lobe on occipital lobe

-bw parietoccipital and calcarine sulci

calcarine sulcus

located between cuneus and lingual gyrus

lingual gyrus

-in temporaal and occipital lobe

-inferior to alcarine sulcus

-continuous with parahippocampal gyrus

limbic lobe

encircles telencephalon-diencephaalon junction

cingulate sulcus

Separates frontal and parietal lobes from cingulate gyrus

subparietal sulcus

separates limbic and parietal lobes

parahippocampal gyrus

a fold of tissue near the hippocampus that is often included in the limbic system

-inferior continuation of cingulate gyrus

subcallosal area

inferior to genu of corpus callosum

brodmann

scientist who organized the brain based on shape aand arrangement of neurons

precentral gyrus

-brodmann area 4

location of primary motor cortex

Brodmann Area 3,1,2

primary somatosensory cortex brodmann areas:

post central gyrus

where is the primary somatosenosry cortex located?

basal ganglia

cluster of nuclei deep in brainstem

- component of subcortical grey matter

commissural fibers

horizontal fibers that connect white matter of two hemispheres

arcuate fibers

short association fibers that connect two adjacent gyri within one hemisphere

superior longitudinal fasiculus

Connects frontal, parietal, and occipital lobes

arcuate fasiculus

connects Wernicke's area and Broca's area

uncinate fasiculus

connects inferior frontal gyrus to anterior temporal lobe

corpus callosum

largest commissural tract

anterior commissure

bundle of axons that connects the two hemispheres of the cerebral cortex

anterior commissure

Name the structure.

corona radiata

axons from cortical neurons descending and converging on brainstem

cerebral peduncle

contiuous with corona radiata and internal capsule

somatotopic organization of internal capsule

motor fibers are anterior (face, arm, leg)

sensory fibers are posterior (face, arm, leg)