G11) 1.2 Organic compounds

What is an organic compound?

A compound that contains carbon and is found in living things.

* What are carbons that are exceptions to being organic compounds?

Carbonates, oxides of carbons, and cyanide

Carbon forms the basis of all organic compounds due to its...

ability to form large and complex molecules via covalent bonding.

Carbon atoms can form __ covalent bonds. This allows it to....

4. This allows it to form a variety of organic molecules (branched and unbranched).

Types of carbon compounds

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

carbohydrates

sub-unit: monosaccharide (eg: glucose)

Polysaccharides are made up of many monosaccharides. (eg: cellulose, starch (in plants), glycogen (in humans).

Carbs function as a source of storage of energy and energy in general.

Lipids

sub-unit: (dont have a concrete subunit but you can technically say fatty acids although many acids do not chain to perfectly form lipids).

Lipids or triglycerides are non-polar, hydrophobic molecules. They can be unbranched (fatty acids) or ringed (steroids).

Function: component of cell membrane, energy storage, insulate for thermal conductivity.

Proteins

sub unit: chains of amino acids (20,22)

polypeptide (protein)

function: structure, cell signaling, enzymatic activity, transport, movement.

Nucleic acids

sub-unit: nucleotides (made up of phosphate, ribosugar and a nitrogenous base)

DNA and RNA

function: contains the genetic instructions of a cell

whats a monomer

since organic compounds are typically composed of recurring subunits, we call those monomers.

Monomers join together to form polymers.

How can polymers be formed

condensation reactions

condensation reaction

A hydroxyl group (OH) on one monomer is combined to a hydrogen atom (H) on another monomer.

The two monomers become covalently bonded and a water molecule is produced as a byproduct.

How can polymers break down to monomers

hydrolysis reactions

hydrolysis reactions

A water molecule is used to provide the H and OH groups required to break the covalent bond between two monomers