MCB300 EXAM 2

The tendency of a compound to accept or release electrons

Reduction Potential (E0’)

Redox reactions in a cell often employ redox coenzymes such as BLANK as

electron shuttles

A measure of the energy released

DELTA G 0’ (energy released is negative DG0’ and energy consumed is positive)

The glycolytic pathway is used

to break down glucose to pyruvate

the citric acid cycle

oxidizes pyruvate to carbon dioxide and releases electrons for the ETC and is also a source of biosynthetic intermediates

In the absence of external electron acceptors, organic compounds can be catabolized anaerobically only by

fermentation

Fermentation requires that

an energy rich organic compound can be formed that can yield ATP by substrate level phosphorylation and Redox balance is achieved

Chemolithotrophs use BLANK as electron donors to drive electron transport reactions and generate a proton motive force

inorganic compounds

Phototrophs use BLANK to drive electron transport reactions and generate a proton motive force

LIGHT ENERGY

This enzyme plays a key role in the calvin cycle

RuBisCo

The reduction of nitrogen to ammonia is called BLANK and is catalyzed by the enzyme BLANK

nitrogen fixation, nitrogenase

BLANK provides the ribulose phosphate required for the Calvin cycle in autotrophs

Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Chemolithotrophs oxidize .. TO …

H2/H2O

catabolic reactions

biochemical reactions leading to energy conservation (usually as ATP) by the cell

anabolic reactions

the sum total of all biosynthetic reactions in the cell

citric acid cycle

a cyclical series of reactions resulting in the conversion of acetate to 2 molecules of CO2

fermentation

anaerobic catabolism in which an organic compound is both an electron donor and electron acceptor and ATP is produced by substrate-level phosphorylation

glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhod-Parnas pathway)

biochemical pathway in which glucose is oxidized to pyruvate, which is either used in respiration or fermented

pentose phosphate pathway

a series of reactions in which pentoses are catabolized to generate precursors for nucleotide biosynthesis or to synthesize glucose

E0’

reduction potential/ tendency of a compound to donate or to accept electrons

TCA cycle (citric acid cycle)

series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to release stored energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins