ch14 pt4

microbiology; reservoirs and transmission

reservoirs of infection

continual sources of infection

human reservoirs

carriers; asymptomatic or latent diseases

animal reservoirs

zoonoses are disease transmitted from animals to humans (rabies)

non-living reservoirs

air, soil, water, vehicle transmission; waterborne, food-borne, airborne illnesses

vectors

transmit between hosts, vector-borne; arthropods, fleas, ticks, mosquitoes, transmit disease by two general methods: mechanical and biological

mechanical transmission

arthropod carries pathogen on its feet

biological transmission

pathogen reproduces in vector, transmitted via bites or feces

biological vector transmission

how is lyme disease transmitted

contact transmission

human carries can transmit via direct or indirect contact

direct contact transmission

from sick person to new host; skin, saliva, blood; distance and time

indirect contact transmission

spreads by nonliving object (fomite); handles, switches, needles, clothes

fomite

a _____ is an inanimate object that participates in indirect contact transmission

droplet transmission

type of direct contact, airbone droplets <1 m; social distancing & masks reduce transmission