Prison and Prisoners Final exam

true

True or False: Inmates who are "gleaning" try to take advantage of prison programs to better themselves and improve their prospects for success after release

true

True or False: Inmates who cut themselves off from the outside world and try to construct a life within the prison are said to be "jailing"

inmate code

A set of rules of conduct that reflects the values and norms of the prison society

prison staff

The inmate code emphasizes solidarity of inmates against ____________

prisonization

the process where most new inmate absorb the customs of prison society and learn to adapt to the environment

do your own time

The two primary rules of the inmate code are "_______________________" and "don't inform on another convict"

doing time

Inmates who view their time in prison as a brief, but inevitable, break in their criminal careers or the cost of doing business have taken on the adaptive role of ____________

commissary

Prisons have a ________________ from which residents may periodically purchase a limited number of items- toilet articles, tobacco, snack foods, and so on- in exchange for credits drawn on their "bank accounts"

exchange economy

A major element of the prison society, as items that some inmates want or need are not available elsewhere

cigarettes

Which is NOT one of the new standard forms of currency in many prisons

violence

Transactions in the prison economy lead to ___________ when goods are stolen, debts remain unpaid, or agreements are violated.

shorter maximum

Overall, Women prisoners receive ______________ sentences than men

pseudofamilies

Scholars report that female inmates tend to adopt ______________________

men guarding women

Some correctional administrators suggest that the increased occurrence of sexual abuse cases found in female prisons is due in part to the large number of _________________________

true

True or False: Obedience to an order or request is known as compliance

true

True or False: Correctional officers enforce rules and regulations

false

True or False: Administrative control theory is prison governance theory that states that, for a prison system to operate effectively, officials must tolerate minor infractions relax security measures, and allow inmate leaders to keep order

false

True or False: On entering a prison, a new inmate receives no instruction on what is expected of him or her.

false

True or False: Use of force is the most effective way for officers to get prisoners to comply with prison rules and regulations imprisonment

imprisonment

The purpose of______________ is to "punish offenders-fairly and justly-through lengths of confinement proportionate to the gravity of the offense."

keep them isolated

According to the textbook, which of the following is NOT one of the missions of imprisonment?

span of control

is a management principle holding that a supervisor can effectively oversee only a limited number of subordinates.

unity of command

A management principle that a subordinate should report to only one supervisor.

coercive

____________ power stresses the application or threat of physical force in order to gain compliance.

chain of command

refers to a series of organizational positions in order of authority, with each person receiving orders from the immediately above and issuing orders to the one immediately below.

the military

In most institutions, the custodial force has graded ranks similar to ______________

warden

Who is ultimately responsible for the operation of the institution?

supervising inmates

Which of the following is NOT one of the warden's duties?

confinement in administrative segregation

According to the text, the most severe sanction that can be handed out by a disciplinary committee is the _______________

false

True or False: the increased number of elderly has had no effect on life insider adult prisons.

true

True or False: In prison, an offender's life may be prolonged and medical care may be better than if he or she was discharged back into a disadvantaged neighborhood.

true

Prisoner advocates argue that not all elderly prisoners should remain incarcerated for the rest of their lives.

false

True or False: Homosexual activity is NOT forbidden in prison.

false

True or False: Mental illness does not differ by race, age, or gender

false

True or False: Group programming is never used in the prison setting.

They can have a calming effect on the younger, more unpredictable population

What is the central argument against separate housing of elderly inmates?

visitation

Geriatric offenders pose a challenge for corrections because they require special considerations regarding all of the following EXCEPT___________needs.

the growing number of short-term inmates

Which of the following is NOT a factor that has significantly affected life inside adult prisons?

psychotropic medications

Drug treatment designed to lessen the severity of symptoms of psychological illness is known as ________________________

cognitive skill building

a form of behavior therapy that focuses on changing the thinking and reasoning patterns that accompany criminal behavior is known as________________________________

provide conjugal visits for most married inmates

Experts suggest that administrators follow three main principles when managing long-term inmates. Which of the following is NOT one of these principles?

sexual minorities

Groups of people whose sexual orientation or gender identity differs from what is considered normal in the population are known as_________.

aging offender or an elderly offender is an individual over the age of minimum of 50 years determination differs in states. They poses a challenge for corrections because their housing, medical. programs, release.

Explain what a "geriatric" offender is, and explain why the geriatric offender poses a challenge for corrections.

Long term offender are those prisoners who have long sentences. The three main principles to managing is maximize opportunities for the inmates to exercise choice in living conditions, create opportunities for meaningful living, help inmates stay in contact with the outside world. It allows the inmates to transition well in the society or those preparing because not a lot of inmates are educated on what has been happening in the outside world.

Describe what a long-term offender is, and list the three main principles for managing them. Explain why each of these three is important for the management of this population

true

True or False: Only state governments and federal governments, not local governments, implement parole.

true

True or False: Only felons are released on parole, not those convicted of misdemeanors

true

True or False: Parole is the continuation of correctional supervision in the community.

true

True or False: One important effect of discretionary release is that the parole board can shorten a sentence imposed by a judge.

false

True or False: Prior criminal record is not a criteria parole boards consider

true

True or False: The U.S. Supreme Court requires a two-stage parole-revocation proceeding.

false

True or False: Parole officers do not help offenders readjust to the community

rehabilitation

In theory, parole boards evaluate an offender's progress toward _____________ and readiness to abide by laws

civil disabilities

Which of the following was NOT part of Maconochie's classification for prisoners?

unconditional release

There are five basic mechanisms for release from prison. Which of the following is NOT one of these mechanisms?

sentencing judge

When discretionary release is used, the parole board's power is much like that of the _________________

unconditionally

Inmates that have "maxed out" are released ________.

conditions of release

Restrictions that parolees must legally obey after being released are referred to as

Parole is the conditional release of an inmate from incarceration after part of the prison sentence has been served. The purpose is to allow prisoners to slowly reintegrate back into society

Define the term parole. What is its intended purpose?

false

True or False: Prior to the 1960's, the courts maintained a hands-on policy with respect to corrections

false

True or False: The most intrusive personal searches of inmates involve X-rays of the inmate's body.

false

True or False: Correctional searches can be done with the intent to humiliate or degrade the inmate.

true

True or False: Court decisions have upheld prisoners' rights to be served meals consistent with religious dietary laws.

false

True or False: According to the text, inmates find litigation effective and satisfying

true

True or False: an ombudsman is a public official who investigates complaints against government officials and recommends corrective measures.

true

In Roper v. Simmons the Supreme Court decided that offenders cannot be sentenced to death for a crime they committed before they reached the age of 18.

case law

Legal rules produced by judges' decisions are referred to as_________

precedents

Case law decisions create___________ that are legal rules that can be used to make future judgments on cases that involve similar circumstances

statutes

________ are laws that are created be local, state, and federal governments.

the carrying out of retributive punishments to deter future criminal acts

The courts have recognized all of the following specific interests are justifying some restrictions on the constitutional rights of prisoner, except:

habeas corpus

A judicial order asking correctional official to produce the prisoner and to give reasons to justify continued confinement is called a writ of __________

hands-off

Up until the 1960s, the US federal court system practiced a ____________ policy with respect to corrections, ultimately giving more power and discretion back to individual state correctional systems.

Prison Litigation Reform Act of 1995

The number of Section 1983 lawsuits among both state federal prisoners dropped dramatically following the passage of the____________________________

fourth

in Hudson v. Palmer, (1984), the Supreme Court held that the rules of the __________ Amendment do not apply to search of a convicted prisoner's cell.

totality of conditions

The combination of factors that federal courts examine to see if cruel and unusual punishment applies are referred to as _________________.

whether the inmates are satisfied with the conditions

Which of the following is NOT part of the three principal tests under the Eighth Amendment to determine whether conditions are unconstitutional?

direct conversation with the assistant / deputy warden

All of the following are considered to be alternatives to inmate litigation, EXCEPT_______________________________.

an officer conducts a hearing on the legality of the complaint after consulting state or federal legal counsel

Which of the following is NOT one of the three steps most corrections systems use when handling the inmate grievance process?

Furman v. Georgia (1972)

In___________, the US Supreme Court ruled that while the death penalty was constitutional, the way it was used constituted "cruel and unusual" punishment.

Ring v. Arizona (2002)

In________ the Supreme court ruled juries, not judges, must make the crucial factual decision on whether a convicted murderer should receive the death penalty

Roper v. Simmons (2005)

In_________, the Supreme Court ruled that offenders cannot be sentenced to death for a crime they committed before they reached the age of 18.

bifurcated

Under the Gregg (1976) decision, states must have____________ hearings to determine guilt and the proper sentence

mentally retarded

In Atkins v Virginia (2002) the Supreme Court ruled that the execution of who was unconstitutional?

juries

In Ring v. Arizona (2002), who did the Supreme Court rule must make the crucial factual decision on whether a convicted murderer should receive the death penalty?

The First Amendment, gives individual rights to practice their religion freely and had right to privacy of their mail

The Fourth Amendment, protects against "unreasonable" search and seizure

the eighth amendment, free from cruel and unusual punishment, prohibit excessive force and guard brutality

The fourteenth amendment, equal protection discrimination is not tolerated, all prisoners will be treated equally

Identify the five constitutional amendments that can be used to protect prisoner rights. Give examples of how each of these amendments has been applied to prisoner issues.

true

True or False: Most juvenile crime is still minor misbehavior, not serious acts of violence that tend to dominate the news.

false

True or False: the juvenile violent crime rate has increased by more than 50 percent since 1980.

true

True or False: During the Juvenile Rights Period (1960-1980) in the United States, civil rights movements rallied to protect the rights of juveniles.

true

True or False: The Puritans viewed the child as being evil.

true

True or False: Juveniles who are waived may end up serving less actual time in confinement than those not waived on the same type of offense.

true

True or False: Juvenile delinquents disproportionately suffer from learning disabilities.

drugs and crime

When Americans are asked to identify the two or three most serious problems children face, they cite ______________.

evidence-based period

According to your authors, the juvenile justice system has changed dramatically in recent decades. Currently, the juvenile justice system is in what period of development?

In Re Gault

Which of the following Supreme Court cases established the essentials of due process for juvenile offenders, including right to counsel, formal hearing, and cross-examination?

In Re Winship

A standard of "beyond a reasonable doubt" is required for delinquency matters. This standard was established in ____________________

Graham v. Florida

In ______________ the Court extended Roper v. Simmons to prohibit life-without-parole sentences for juveniles who do not commit homicide.

in groups

Juveniles tend to commit crimes _________

1

In about _________ percent of juvenile criminal cases in the Unites States, jurisdiction is waived to adult court.

sexual activity

Instead of relying on the offense alone to identify the highest risk juvenile offenders, other factors in the juvenile's history should be considered. Which of the following is NOT one of these important factors?

diversion

_________ is a juvenile court procedure in which a case is either dropped or referred to programs dealing with the delinquent's educational, mental health, or social needs.

24

Federal law requires that juveniles housed in adult jails be segregated and be taken before a magistrate for an initial appearance within _________ hours of arrival in the facility.