Avian Anatomy and Physiology

Flashcards covering key terms and concepts related to avian anatomy, physiology, reproduction, and behavior.

Nostril

An external opening for airflow, part of the respiratory system.

Larynx

A structure in the throat containing vocal cords, vital for sound production.

Trachea

The windpipe that connects the larynx to the lungs, allowing air passage.

Proventriculus

The glandular stomach in birds where food is digested before it enters the gizzard.

Syrinx

The vocal organ of birds, located at the base of the trachea.

Caeca

Pouch structures near the intestine that aid in digestion.

Cloaca

The shared exit for excretory and reproductive systems in birds.

Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)

The rate of energy expenditure per unit time by endothermic animals at rest.

Countercurrent Exchange

A mechanism that allows birds to conserve heat in their extremities.

Torpor

A state of decreased physiological activity in animals, characterized by reduced body temperature and metabolic rate.

Brood Parasitism

When birds lay their eggs in the nests of other species, leading to the other species raising their young.

Polyandry

A mating system where one female mates with multiple males.

Polygynandry

A mating system where both males and females have multiple mating partners.

Egg Production

The process by which female birds produce eggs, involving several anatomical structures.

Embryonic Membranes

Membranes that protect and nourish developing embryos in birds.

Vision - Colour

The different color perception in birds compared to humans, including ultraviolet sensitivity.

Thermoregulation

Processes that maintain a stable internal body temperature regardless of external conditions.

Nest Site Selection

The criteria birds use to choose locations for building nests.

Avian Respiration

The unique respiratory system in birds, utilizing air sacs for efficient gas exchange.