Chapter 11 Hormones

Major endocrine glands

Hypothalamus, pineal, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus, adrenal, pancreas, ovary, testes

Exocrine glands description

Secrete products into ducts

Endocrine gland description

Secrete products into the bloodstream

Paracrine secretions function

Acts on nearby cells

Autocrine secretions

Acts on the same cell that released the signal

Steroid hormons affect on target cell

Enter cell→ bind inside→ change gene activity→ make proteins→ cell responds

Nonsteroid hormones affect on target cells

Stay outside cell→ bind to surface receptor→ Second messenger carries the signal inside→ Cell responds

Negative feedback function

Stop or reduce hormone release once desired effect is acheived

Growth hormone function

growth of bones and muscles

Growth hormone gland

Anterior pituitary

Prolactin function

Milk production

Prolactin gland

Anterior pituitary

Adrenocorticotropic gland and function

secretes hormones from adrenal cortex

Adrenocorticotropic gland

Anterior pituitary

Thyroid-stimulating hormone gland

Anterior pituitary

Follicle stimulating function

Egg and sperm development

Follicle stimulating gland

Anterior pituitary

Luteinizing function

Ovulation and testosterone production

Luteinizing gland

anterior pituitary

Antidiuretic function

retain water, kidneys reabsorb it into bloodstream

Antidiuretic gland

Posterior pituitary

Oxytocin function

contractions and milk

Oxytocin gland

Posterior pituitary

Melatonin gland

Pineal

Thyroxine(T4) function

Increase metabolism and supports growth and development

T4 gland

Thyroid

Calcitonin, gland and function

Lowers blood calcium levels

Calcitonin gland

Thyroid

Parathyroid hormone function

increase blood calcium levels

Thymosin gland

Thymus

Thymosin function

Matures T cells for immune system

Epinephrine and norepinephrine function

Prepares body for fight or flight

Epinephrine and norepinephrine gland

Adrenal medulla

Aldosterone funciton

Regulate mineral and electrolyte balance

Aldosterone gland

Adrenal cortex

Cortisol gland

Adrenal cortex

Cortisol function

respond to long term stress

Glucagon function

Raises blood glucose levels

Glucagon gland

Pancreas

Insulin function

decreases blood level of glucose

Insulin gland

Pancreas

Ovaries hormones

Estrogens and progesterone

Testes hormones

Testosterone

Short term stress response gland and hormone

Adrenal medulla, epinephrine and norepinephrine

Long term stress response gland and hormone

Adrenal cortex, cortisol