L13 monitoring of induced blood glucose levels in dogs

was performed before blood glucose determination to establish a baseline blood glucose level.

fasting

blood glucose reference range

80-120 mg/dL

a simple carbohydrate source that is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, resulting in an increase in circulating blood glucose.

HONEY

The amount of glucose (sugar) present in the blood. It is the body's main source of energy and is regulated mainly by insulin and glucagon.

blood glucose

A hormone produced by the alpha cells of the pancreas that increases blood glucose levels by stimulating the liver to break down glycogen and produce glucose.

glucagon

A hormone produced by the beta cells of the pancreas that decreases blood glucose by promoting glucose uptake and storage in cells.

insulin

A condition in which the blood glucose level is abnormally low, which may cause weakness, tremors, seizures, or loss of consciousness.

hypoglycemia

A condition in which the blood glucose level is abnormally high, commonly associated with diabetes mellitus or stress.

hyperglycemia

A disorder characterized by excessive urination and thirst due to insufficient antidiuretic hormone (ADH) action or the kidneys' inability to respond to ADH. It is not caused by abnormal blood glucose.

diabetes insipidus

A metabolic disease characterized by persistent hyperglycemia due to inadequate insulin secretion, impaired insulin action, or both.

diabetes mellitus

A condition in which body cells have a reduced response to insulin, resulting in decreased glucose uptake and potentially increased blood glucose levels.

insulin resistance

Glycated hemoglobin, which reflects the average blood glucose concentration over approximately the previous 2–3 months in dogs

HbA1c

A form of diabetes mellitus caused primarily by destruction or loss of pancreatic beta cells, resulting in little or no insulin production. Affected dogs generally require lifelong insulin therapy.

type 1 diabetes

a disorder where the body cannot properly conserve water, causing excessive urination (polyuria) and excessive thirst (polydipsia).

diabetes insipidus