measurements & dates

Vascular anomalies occur in barely __% of all births.

1%

For the chronic venous insufficiency exam, the sonographer is using an automatic cuff inflator.

What size cuff is used?

12×40 cm

How much is the automatic cuff inflator inflated to when evaluating the CFV?

80 mmHg

How much is the automatic cuff inflator inflated to when evaluating the popliteal vein and GSV?

100 mmHg

How much is the automatic cuff inflator inflated to when evaluating the PTVs?

120 mmHg

For the chronic venous insufficiency exam using automatic cuff inflators, when optimal doppler signals are obtained, what is then done? (2)

• The cuff is inflated to 80 mmHg

• Maintained for 1-2 seconds

The IVC is considered dilated when it exceeds…

2 cm

How far should an IVC measurement be taken from when it enters into the right atrium?

2 cm

For a chronic venous insufficiency exam, how short does flow in the opposite direction upon release of augmentation have to be to be considered normal valve closure time?

Less than 0.5 seconds

For a chronic venous insufficiency exam, how long does flow in the opposite direction upon release of augmentation have to be to be considered abnormal valve closure time?

Greater than 0.5 - 1 seconds

How many piezoelectric crystals does continuous wave doppler have?

2

1. What probe frequency is used for continuous wave doppler?

2. What angle should the probe be from the skin surface?

1. 5 MHz

2. 45 - 60 degrees

A perforator vein measuring greater than ___ cm will have reflux about 90% of the time.

3.5

When using heparin to treat acute DVT and pulmonary embolism, continuous infusion until oral anticoagulation is deemed therapeutic usually in __-__ days.

4 - 5

Dosage of Warfarin/Coumadin is regulated to ensure that the patient’s prothrombin time (PT) is ___-___ times more normal.

1.5 - 2

High shunt velocity with TIPS is considered…

Greater than 190 cm/sec

With an ablation, anesthetic fluid is administered every __ cm along the vein.

5

Low shunt velocity with TIPS is considered…

Less than 50 cm/sec

A routine evaluation of TIPS is performed every __ months.

6

Entrapment syndrome is bilateral in about __ of cases. 

1/3

What is the standard grading scale of a palpation of an artery?

0 - None

to

4 - Bounding

What capillary refill time indicates decreased arterial perfusion?

Greater than 3 seconds

How many branches does the axillary artery have?

7

When determining the presence or absence of an aneurysm, the segment will be __ times bigger than the adjacent arterial segment.

1.5

How large should the sample size (gate size) typically be? 

1 - 1.5 mm

What PSV ratio increase is used when there is a greater than 50% diameter reduction?

2:1

What is the numerical value of the speed of ultrasound through soft tissue?

1540 m/s

A doppler angle of greater than __ degrees is not reliable.

60

A PSV ratio of 2:1 is used when there is a greater than __% diameter reduction?

50%

An increase in velocity, greater than 100%, represents what ratio? 

2:1

Which ratio represents the stenotic-to-pre-stenotic PSV? 

Greater than 4:1

A stenotic to pre-stenotic greater than ___ ratio suggests a greater than or equal to 75% diameter reduction.

4:1

A stenotic to pre-stenotic greater than 4:1 ratio suggests a greater than or equal to ___ diameter reduction.

75%

Which ratio is associated with a diameter reduction greater than or equal to 75%?

4:1

If a pre-stenotic PSV measures 80 cm/s and when measured within the stenosis, comes out to 160 cm/s, what ratio will that represent?

2:1

If a pre-stenotic PSV measures 30 cm/s and when measured within the stenosis, comes out to 120 cm/s, what ratio will that represent?

4:1

After a fistula has been made for hemodialysis, how many months will it take until blood flow increases and pressure in the vein enlarges and strengthens?

2 - 3

A patient can use an AV graft __-__ weeks after surgery?

2 - 3

What is the typical diameter of AV fistulas?

4 - 5 mm

Which doppler angle is considered best? 

45 - 60 degrees

A PSV of greater than ____ cm/s in the LE suggests a greater than or equal to 75% diameter reduction.

400

A PSV >400 cm/s in the LE suggests what percentage diameter reduction?

Greater than or equal to 75%

What transducer frequency is used for an upper extremity arterial? 

5 - 7 MHz

A doppler angle of (1)__________ than (2)__ degrees is not reliable.

1. Greater

2. 60

Which doppler angle is considered unreliable? 

> than 60

Which doppler angle is considered usable? 

< than 60

Which doppler angle is considered ideal? 

60

What is the generally accepted value for volume flow in a hemodialysis access graft? 

Greater than 800 mL/min