Cell Biology.

Name five subcellular structures that both plant and animal cells have?

• Nucleus.

• Cytoplasm.

• Cell Membrane.

• Mitochondria. 

• Ribosomes.

What three things do plant cells have that animal cells don’t?

• Rigid cell wall.

• Permanent vacuole.

• Chloroplasts.

Where is the genetic material found in animal cells and bacterial cells?

• Nucleus.

• Nucleoid. 

What types of organisms are bacteria — prokaryotes or eukaryotes?

Prokaryotes.

Which gives a higher resolution, light or electron microscope?

An electron microscope.

What is cell differentiation?

The process where stem cells change to become specialised to take out a certain role.

Give three ways that a sperm cell is adapted for swimming to an egg cell.

• Long tail (flagella.)

• Streamlined head.

• Lots of mitochondria for energy.

What are chromosomes?

Coiled up lengths of DNA that carry genetic information.

What is the cell cycle?

Where body cells in multicellular organisms divide to produce new cells. 

What is mitosis used for by multicellular organisms?

Growth + Repair.

What is the process called in which bacteria divides?

Binary Fission.

What is the maximum temperature that microorganisms should be grown in a school lab?

25 degrees.

Why shouldn’t a temperature above 25 degrees be used when culturing microorganisms in a school lab?

The growth of potentially harmful bacteria.

Aseptic techniques when culturing microorganisms?

• Sterilise equipment under a Bunsen burner.

• Work near a lit Bunsen burner for a “safe zone”

• Seal the lid.

Give two ways embryonic cells can be used to cure diseases?

• Embryonic cells are pluripotent meaning that they can become any cell.

• They can repair and/or replace damaged cells.

Why might some people be against the use of embryonic cells?

The embryo if left alone has potential to become a foetus 

What is diffusion?

The movement from particles from an area of high concentration to a low concentration.