Module 4 Exam Music Appreciation

Atonal

music that rejects the framework of key

Sprechstimme

vocal style in which the vocal melody is spoken rather than sung

Tone Row

an arrangement of the twelve chromatic pitches that serve as the basis of a twelve-tone piece

Blue Note

A bent pitch (note) found in blues or jazz

Neo-classical

20th century musical style that combined elements of Classical and Boroque music with modern trends

Process Music

a compositional style in which a composer selects a simple musical idea and repeats it over and over, as it’s gradually changed or elaborated upon

Minimalism

contemporary musical style featuring the repetition of short melodic, rhythmic, and harmonic patterns with little variations

Backbeat

the 2nd and 4th beats in a 4 beat measure of music. Popular in rock and roll and related genres

Diegetic Music

Source Music. Music that is part of the fictional world of a film or play heard by or performed by the characters

Incidental Music

music performed in a film but not heard by the characters

Tin Pan Alley

Area in New York City where most publishers were located in the early 20th century

20th Century Art Music

new approaches toward tonality, constant shifting meter, more emphasis on winds and percussion, smaller orchestras

Arnold Schoenburg

who invented the twelve-tone compositional technique and what is it?

Twelve-tone compositional technique

Musical technique that revolutionized music composition in the 20th century

Rite of Spring

Considered a revolutionary work in music, and opened to a near riot in Paris 1913.

Basson

first instrument heard in Rite of Spring

dissonances, polyrhythms, and polytonality

3 main musical characteristics of Rite of Spring

Paris, France

Home of Ballet Ruse

Ragtime, Blues, Jazz

3 American popular music styles that have their roots in African American music

Delta Blues

a man and his guitar

Classic Blues

A female singer fronting a band of musicians

Urban Blues

associated with northern cities and employed amplified instruments such as the electric guitar

3

How many lines in a blues verse

Genre, and a form of music that follows a 12 bar chord progression using the I, IV, and V chords. 

2 things “Blues” can refer to 

New Orleans Jazz

combined elements of ragtime and blues, improvisation with an important element,

texture was polyphonic with each instrument having its own part

culturally diverse, very musical, Jim Crow laws took affect later than other places in the south

3 reasons New Orleans was important to the emergence of Jazz

Louis Armstrong

Trumpet player and singer of New Orleans Jazz, Important force in early jazz styles

Billy Holiday

female blues singer, 1st African American singer to record with any white musicians

Bebop Jazz

fast tempos, smaller groups of musicians, lots of improvisation

Charlie Parker, Dizzy Gillespie, Thelonious Monk

important bepop performers

Miles Davis

principal exponent of Cool Jazz

George Gershwin

merged classical and jazz traditions, Rhapsody in Blue premiered in 1924 during the “An Experiment in Modern Music” concert

William Grant Still

First African American composer to have a symphony performed by a major American Orchestra. Title of symphony “The Afro-American Symphony”

Harlem Renaissance

the literary, artistic, and sociological movement that highlighted African American intellectual life in the 1920s and 1930s

Florence Price

who wrote “Symphony No. 1 in E minor”

“Symphony No. 1 in E minor” characteristics

pentatonic scale, African American dance styles simulated in the 3rd movement, utilizes call and response and blue notes. Was not immediately accepted by orchestra or public

Charles Ives

Music not popular during his lifetime, it reflected his roots in New England

Insurance Executive

day job of Charles Ives

Aaron Copland

composed Appalachian Spring

Martha Graham

Who did Aaron Copland compose for

Appalachian Spring

Ballet that quotes “Simple Gifts” composed by Aaron Copland

Nadia Boulanger

Composition Teacher of Aaron Copland

Bela Bartok and Zoltan Kodaly

2 composers who collected over 2,000 songs and dances representing Eastern European cultures

Bela Bartok

moved to NY in 1940 as a result of the alliance between Hungary and Nazi Germany

Concerto for Orchestra

5 movement work by Bela Bartok

John Cage, Henry Cowell, Harry Partch

American composers who were influenced by Far Eastern Philosophies

John Cage

influenced by Far Eastern Philosophies (especially the gamelan), invented the prepared Pian, 4 minutes and 33 seconds

4’3”

contains no musical content and can be performed by any one on any instrument

Sonatas and Interludes

evokes the sound of the Javanese gamelan

Steve Reich

Minimalist Composer, Influenced by polyrhythms of West Africa, Use of phase music involving magnetic tape recording technologies invented during WWII.

Leonard Bernstein

conducted the NY Philharmonic, composed the music for West Side Story

West Side Story

modern version of Romeo and Juliet

Jennifer Higdon

American neo-romantic composer, composed Blue Cathedral

Blue Cathedral

orchestral tone poem

reflect the emotions of a given scene, create a mood, and help create a sense of place and time

three things Movie Music can do

Rock & Roll

emerged in the 1950s, origins in Rhythm and Blues, Country-western, pop, and gospel

Chuck Berry, Elvis Presley, Bill Haley, Jerry Lee Lewis

4 important figures in Rock and Roll

Swing Jazz

Stompin’ at the Savoy Genre

concerto

Suite for Violin and Piano Genre

March

Country Band March Genre

minimalist

In C Genre

Film Music

Imperial March Genre

Spanish Concerto

Noche de jaranas genre

Ballet

Appalachian Spring Genre

Sonata

Sonata V Genre

postmodernist

Caballito Negro Genre

Minimalist

Electric Counterpoint Genre

Stravinsky

Rite of Spring Composer

Holiday

Billy’s Blues Composer

Armstrong

Hotter than That Composer

Webb

Stompin’ at the Savoy

Still

Suite for Violin and Piano, Mvt. III Composer

Ives

Country Band March Composer

Riley

In C Composer

Williams

“Imperial March” from Empire Strikes Back Composer

Revueltas

Noche de jaranas composer

Copland

Appalachian Spring Composer

Cage

Sonata V, from Sonatas and Interludes Composer

Crumb

Caballito Negro Composer

Reich

Electric Counterpoint Composer

Inversion Row

top to bottom in the twelve tone matrix

Prime Row

first row in the twelve tone matrix

Retrograde Row

right to left in the twelve ton matrix

Retrograde Inversion

bottom to top in the 12 tone matrix