Biology Test Review

Insertion

________- one or more base pairs is added to a sequence.

Deletion

________- due to breakage, a piece of a chromosome is lost.

Gene

________- a segment of DNA that codes for a protein, which codes for a trait.

Translocation

________- involves two chromosome, part of one chromosome is transferred to another chromosome.

Duplication

________- when a gene sequence is repeated.

TRNA

________- brings the anticodon to the ribosomes and the matching amino acids to the mRNA codons.

Frame

________ shift- when a deletion or insertion results in a different base pair at the beginning of the next codon, ching the whole sequence of amino acid.

MRNA

________- messenger RNA- gets the message from DNA in the nucleus and brings the codons to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm.

Nondisjunction

________- failure of chromosomes to separate during meiosis, occurs in gametes only, gametes may have too many or two few chromosomes.

protein synthesis

Makes up the ribosomes- responsible for ________.

Genetics

________- the study of genes and heredity.

Thymine

Pyrimidines- single ringed structure, Cytosine, ________, and Uracil.

RNA polymerase

________ unzips the DNA molecule and mRNA strand is formed complementary to the DNA bases.

Frameshift mutation

________- Inserting or deleting one or more nucleotides, changes the reading frame, results in proteins built incorrectly.

Point mutation

________- change of a single nucleotide, deletion, insertion or substitution of ONE nucleotide in a gene.

Silent mutation

________- when a base pair is substituted but the change still codes for the same amino acid.

DNA helicase

________ breaks the hydrogen bonds to begin replication.

DNA message

________ is converted into an RNA molecule.

Deletion

________- one or more base pairs is lost from a sequence.

Substitution

________- when a base prairie is substituted and the new codon codes for a different amino acid.

MRNA

________ brings a strand of codons (3 bases) to the ribosome.

TRNA

________ brings the amino acid that matched the mRNA codon.