Unit 3-bones/chapter 6

Function of skeletal system

support, movement and protection

hematopoiesis

mineral and fat homeostasis

Bone marrow

produces blood cells

Yellow marrow

stores adipose/fat tissue for energy

red marrow

produces red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets

Shape:long

cylindrical, longer than wide. ex. phalanges, femur

Bone classification shape

long, short, flat, irregular and sesamoid

Short bones

cube-like, equal in length, width and thickness, limited motion

provides stability, support

ex. carpals and tarsals

Flat bones

thin, often curved,

attachment and protection

ex. cranium, sternum

Irregular bones

no easily characterized shape, complex

protects internal organs

ex. vertebrae, facial bones

Sesamoid bone

shaped like sesame seeds

provide protection of tendons to compensate for compressive forces

ex. knee joint, patella

Diaphysis

shaft

Epiphysis

end

Medullary cavity

hollow region within diaphysis filled with yellow marrow

compact bone

composes wall of diaphysis

spongy bone

fills epiphysis, contains red marrow

metaphysis

margin between epi and diaphysis contains epiphyseal line

as we age we get one

Endosteum

membranous lining within medullary cavity

where growth and repair occur

periosteum

fibrous membrane covering the outside

contains blood vessels, nerves and lymph vessels to nourish

does not cover joint

articular cartilage

cover joints

where bones meet

Bones Markings

articulations