ABTT LAB PRELIM (copy)

management information systems (MIS)

may refer to the study of people, technology, organizations and the relationship between them

management information systems (MIS)

• people oriented field

• represent the approach a company uses to collate information necessary to make decisions

• management uses ____ at all levels of operation to collect, process and store data and give them feedback

• significance of an MIS

supports strategy decisions of an organization

• improves the accuracy and integrity of financial statements

• brings together massive amounts of data

• provide a central location

• provide a common language

• increases sales

• greater market share

• improves people’s performance

• anticipate future problems/trends

• helps in controlling various operations

• capable to handle voluminous data

• generate reports

• convenient to be accessed and integrated

• flexible

• quick search and retrieval

• management-oriented

features of MIS

• dependent on the input entered and its process

• not too effective when information is not shared

• cannot substitute judgements

• not that valuable for making non-programmed decisions

limitation of MIS

• hardware

• software

• data

• procedure

• people

components of an MIS

hardware

• physical devices and equipment used to input, process, store and output information

• input and output devices of an MIS

• tangible in nature, ex. computers, laptops, monitors, magnetic disk drives

software

programs and applications that control hardware operations and help process data

data

raw facts and figures that are collected, organized, and stored to produce meaningful information

procedure

policies, rules, and steps that guide how data is collected, processed, and used

people

individuals who operate the system, analyze information, and make decisions to achieve goals

• accept data

• process data

• store data and instructions

• output data

four basic functions of computer

output devices

these devices present the processed information to the user

input devices

these devices collect data and instructions from the user and send them to the computer

external storage

these devices store data permanently outside the computer

internal memory

these are the primary storage areas inside the computer used to store data and instructions temporarily

central processing unit

the brain of the computer that executed instructions and controls all operations

• speed

• expansion and upgrade capability

• ports for external devices

• ergonomics

• vendor reliability, warranty policy and vendor support

considerations in purchasing hardware

speed

the processor _____determines how fast the system can perform tasks

size of memory

more ____ allows the system to handle more data and programs at the same time

storage capacity

larger ____ allows you to to store more files, applications, and data

software

• these include those programs and applications that convert data into machine - readable language

• not tangible in nature, ex. operating system programs, payroll programs, word processing programs

system software

• manages computer resources and performs routine tasks not specific to any application

• developed to partner with as many applications as possible

operating system

• single most important program and most important type of system software

• developed for a certain microprocessor

• addressed technical details

• plays the role of “traffic cop” or the “boss” of computer resources

application - specific programs

programs design to perform specific jobs ex. payroll programs, reservation systems

general - purpose programs

usable for different purposes ex. word processing, spreadsheet programs

custom-designed applications

are tailored to your organization, but come with higher costs and greater risks

packaged software

offers affordability and convenience but comes with limitations and flexibility and customization

multimedia

• can handle many different types of data such as text, voice, and image

• powerful means of communicating

• uses includes education, training, research, and business

virtual reality

• mimics sensory reality

• business use of __ is expected to grow dramatically for design and testing of new products, and for marketing

data

this refers to raw details to produce desired information or facts and figures entered into computers for processing (ex. customer records)

procedure

these are a set of guidelines to be followed to use the other components effectively and efficiently

people

these are the users which may include computer experts, executives managers, analysts, programmers etc.

Operating System

Manages, Controls, and Coordinating all computer resources smoothly and efficiently

Application Software

Helps user accomplished task easily and effectively

High cost

Meeting the organizations exact need is one of the advantages in Custom-Desifned application. whah is the disadvantages

Managers

Plan, Organize and oversee resources and projects

Analysts

Analyze data and process to support decision making

Database Managers

Manage and secure data and ensure data integrity

• The hardware should allow for future expansion and upgrades.

• This helps extend the useful life of the system and protects your investment.

Management in Information

• The use of business tools, technologies, and other systems is an important consideration in the operation of any hospitality and tourism related business.

• Without such, the operation and other functions may fall short in providing quick and efficient services to the clients.

gather information

The first stage will be to __ from various departments. This information came from the normal reports of respective departments but may include new data, depending on its availability.

process

Once data is gathered, the next stage is to___ Processing may include analyzing it, comparing it with the previous data gathered, and other means in order to arrive at a sound decision.

decision making

The moment data have been processed, it can now be used for __, and for whatever purpose it may serve to the organization. This should be used effectively so that decisions are right and suited to a particular situation.

Disposal, Five years

—- of data is necessary when these are no longer needed or are no longer useful. Disposal may be in the form of shredding hard copies, deleting soft copies, or, can be saved in hard drive for retrieval in time that this will be needed. Some companies may hold for __) years, depending on its nature and type.

Man power

The people who frontline the services of products offered

Materials

Those used to render service or produce products

Money

Financial resources used to operate the business

Machine

Equipment used in the operation including facilities and energy

Management Information System (MIS)

__ collects, processes, and analyzes data to help managers make informed decisions and improve business operations.

Oracle MICROS Simphony

What is the example of MIS

Hotel Property Management System (PMS)

__ helps hotels manage daily operations such as reservations, check-ins/outs, room assignments, billing, and housekeeping.

Opera Cloud (Oracle)

What is the popular example of PMS?

Global Distribution System (GDS)

__ connects travel agents and service providers worldwide, allowing them to search, compare, and book travel services such as flights, hotels, and cars.

Amadeus

What is the popular example of GDS?

Restaurant Point of Sale System (POS)

__ systems handle sales transactions in restaurants and bars, including order entry, billing, payment processing, and inventory tracking.

Sabre

What is the popular example of CRS?

Accounting Information System (AIS)

__ records, processes, and reports financial transactions to provide accurate financial information for planning, controlling, and decision-making.

QuickBooks

What is the popular example of AIS?

Computerize Reservation System (CRS

__ enables travel businesses to make, manage and modify reservations for flights, car rentals, and other travel services in real time

Electronic Mail

Email Stands for?

Email

where it enables to send and receive messages via internet.

generally, contain text, files, images and other attachments through computer network.

Electronic Mail (E-mail)

• Used to a newsletter to send

advertisements, promotions

and other various content.

● An application to utilize for

communicating professionally.

● A widely used to send

information within the

organization.

Gmail

is a free email service provided by Google. In many ways, __ like any other email service: You can send and receive emails, block spam, create an address book, and perform other basic email tasks.

● But it also has some more unique features that help make it one of the most popular online email services.

Signature Setting

enables you to set and default your own signature based on

your preference which details / information you would like to input - designation,

contact number, address, company name and/or social media links.

Carbon Copy

CC stands for?

Blind Carbon Copy

BCC stands for?

Carbon Copy

field it means that a copy of the email you are sending will also be sent to that address.

Blind Carbon Copy

field it means that a copy of the email you are sending will also be sent to that address, but no one receiving the email will be able to see the address in the __ field.

1. Letter Heading

2. Recipient Address

3. Subject

4. Greeting

5. Body

6. Complimentary Close

7. Signature

Common Components of Business Letters

Set a proper font,

indentation and margin.

2. Consider organization’s

format (logo, heading,

signature, contact

numbers) if any as there

will be uniformity and

consistency.

3. Usually in sales and

reservation department,

it is better to have a

uniformed template so

that there will be a

standard and branding

Business Letter Best Practices

Don’t make it sound

arrogant.

2. Your approach should be

direct to the point and

conversational, yet

professional.

3. Use appropriate word/s

and be sensitive to the

reader’s feelings.

Tone in the Letter

Cover Letter

Your name and contact

information.

2. The name of the company

you're applying to and the

specific position you're

interested in.

3. Any relevant skills,

qualifications, or

experiences you have that

make you a strong

candidate for the position.

4. Why you're interested in

the company and the

position.

5. Any additional information

you'd like to include that

sets you apart from other

applicants.

The NEW Tourism

New Technologies

*Tourists are in charge

*Tourists prefer experience

based

Global Distribution System

is an e-commerce tool introduced by airlines to facilitate the booking flights

Amadeus

- Galileo

- Sabre

- Worldspan

There are four major GDS:

Sabre

Created by American Airlines, this is owned by Sabre Corporation. Its

headquarters is located in Southlake, Texas, USA.

● Travel agents and companies around the world use this GDS to search

for flight details and services offered by airlines, hotels, car rental

companies, rail providers, and tour operators that are utilizing it for

their operations.

Amadeus

This was created through the efforts of four airline. Air France, Iberia,

Lufthansa, and Scandinavian Airline System (SAS).

● It developed the largest network of travel providers and sellers across

the globe.

● Through this GDS, travel providers such as the airlines, hotels, car

rental, and tour operators, among others can connect with the travel

sellers such as travel agencies and other intermediaries.

Galileo

his was created by the collaborative efforts of a

group of nine European airlines including British

Airways.

● It is based in Atlanta, Georgia, in the United States

and is owned by Travelport.

Worldspan

This was formed by Delta Airlines, Northwest Airlines,

and Trans World Airlines in the early 1900s.

● It provides travel distribution, technologies, and services

for travel companies worldwide.

● This includes servicing travel suppliers, travel agencies,

corporations, and travel websites.

Central Reservation System

It is used to store and retrieve information and eventually

conduct transactions that have something to do with travel.

● Historically, __ is exclusively used by airlines but was then

extended to travel agents and hotels for them to conveniently

transact with various guests and travelers.

Central Reservation System

Designed for the hotel sector and used to manage room rates and availability, as well as share

this information across various distribution channels, like the GDS or online travel agencies

(OTAs).

● When there is a change in a booking or rates, the __ adjusts new data about rates and

availability on all channels accordingly, including the hotel’s own website booking engine, direct

(call center) and indirect channels (channel managers, third-party channels).

Central Reservation System

The __ helps to eliminate overbookings and maintain data accuracy across

different channels.

● When a customer books a hotel room on the hotel’s website, the __ sends this

information to the PMS (Property Management System) and automatically updates

hotel reservation data on the hotel’s website and third-party channels like OTAs,

GDS, or metasearch

Global Distribution System

it is still used by airlines and corporate travelers as the system brings

additional operational revenue with last-minute inventory disposal and facilitates global reach

using the existing network and low marginal costs.

Central Reservation System

the hotel becomes more visible on lots of booking platforms and distribution

channels like BOOKing or Expedia increasing revenue and occupancy. Besides, the system

allows to attract more direct customers through the Booking Engine. Given the fact that 82% of

bookings are made online via a website or mobile app, the __ wins the competition over GDS.

E – Tourism

is the digitalization of all processes and value

chains in the tourism , travel, hospitality and catering industries

that enable organizations to maximize their efficiency and

effectiveness. (Buhalis, 2003)

E-Business systems

E-Tourism term refers to ___ the tourism industry.

E-Tourism

It is an application of ICT’s (Information and Communication

Technology) and enable to transform processes digitally.

● An example of which that tourist may now choose, filter and

select their travel destinations, locations and place to visit to.

E-COMMERCE

t is about conducting commercial transactions via the

web or getting involved in selling and buying items over

the internet. It also covers monetary transactions.

Business-to-Business (B2B)

Transaction between Firms / Companies

is a form of a business transaction involving

either a manufacturer and wholesaler or a

wholesaler and a retailer.

● It is technically a transaction done by establishments

instead of between a company and a consumer.

Business-to-Consumer (B2C)

Companies that sell goods or services to a consumer

is another transaction that pertains to a deal between a

business and a customer.

● It is a sale of products or services by a company to the target

individual customers or guests for a profit.

● In other words, the usual service and product availments in the

tourism and hospitality industry fall under this type of

transaction.

Business-to-Consumer (B2C)

Official Websites of the Hotels

● Official booking sites of the Airlines

● Online Travel Agencies (AGODA, EXPEDIA, BOOKING,COM, AIRBNB

C2B (Consumer-to-Business), Tripadvisor

Transactions between consumers *Usually eBay, Amazon, Shopee, Lazada

__ operates the world’s largest travel guidance platform,

connecting a global audience of prospective travelers with travel

partners through rich content, price comparison tools, and online

reservation and related services for destinations,

accommodations, travel activities and experiences, and

restaurants.

● __enables consumers to research destinations,

experiences, and restaurants, read and contribute user-generated

content (such as reviews and photos), and compare destinations and

businesses based on quality, price, availability comparisons, and

complete bookings.

C2B (Consumer-to-Business)

businesses focus on generating value from their customer base by crowdsourcing ideas, soliciting

feedback and more

B2B2C (business-to-business-to-consumer)

extends the B2B

(business-to-business) model to

include e-commerce for consumers.

The goal is to create a mutually

beneficial relationship between

suppliers of goods and services and

online retailers.