Unit 4 AOS 1 Need to memorise

Primary production

The process of producing natural products for human use like plants and animals

Subsistence farming

Self sufficient farming carried out by individuals to provide food for themselves and their family

Economic characteristics of countries

levels of poverty, average incomes, opportunities for global trade, range of industries,

Social characteristics of countries

gender equality, birth rates and population growth, access to technology, levels of education, levels of employment, health systems, legal and political systems, social security systems

Environmental characteristics of countries

Food security, Access to safe water and sanitation, Levels of carbon dioxide emissions, housing, infrastructure

Sanitation

The provision of facilities and services for the safe removal of human waste to maintain hygienic conditions. This may include garbage collection and wastewater disposal. A person with inadequate sanitation may not have access to a flushing toilet and may have to practice open defecation.

Examples of inadequate sanitation

No flushing toilet forcing open defecation, No sanitary disposal bins or menstrual products, Lack of infrastructure such as pipes for handwashing, Unhygienic birthing conditions

Sustainability

Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

Economic dimension of sustainability

ensuring that average incomes in all countries are adequate to sustain a decent standard of living and continue to rise in line with inflation and living costs in the future

Considerations for achieving economic sustainability

economic growth, trade, job creation, innovation and diversity of industries

Social dimension of sustainability

Ensuring an equitable society in which all people have access to social resources both today and into the future. It includes access to human rights, education, healthcare, political empowerment and connection to community

Considerations for achieving social sustainability

promote equality through the elimination of poverty and the provision of social protection systems, access to safe and decent working conditions, gender equality, promotion of political and legal rights, peace and security

Environmental dimension of sustainability

Ensuring that the natural environment is used in a way that will preserve resources into the future.

Considerations for achieving environmental sustainability

Climate change, use of natural resources, waste removal and pollution, biodiversity

Global trends

Patterns of social, environmental and economic activity that affect many countries’ health and human development and require action to be taken at a global level

Climate change

Long term shifts in temperature and weather patterns attributed to the burning of fossil fuels in the transport industry, food production and cutting down of forests resulting in an increased production of greenhouse gases which trap heat radiated by the sun.

Mass Migration

the movements of large groups of people from one geographical area to another in response to crisis such as conflict, climate change, violation of human rights or persecution

Globalisation

The process of transforming the different societies of the world into one global society by reducing or eliminating boundaries between countries by reducing barriers to trade, communication and transport to allow individuals, groups or companies to act on a global scale.

Marketing

All activities a business undertakes to retain or attract customers. This can include the pricing of a product, the methods of advertising, promotion and placement of the product

Refugess

people who have fled their country and crossed an international border to find safety in another country often with minimal personal belongings leaving behind homes, possessions, jobs and loved ones

Asylum seekers

people who have fled their country but for whom their request for protection in another country has yet to be processed

Internally displaced persons

People who have been forced to leave their home but have not crossed a border to find safety and are on the run in their own country

Stateless persons

People who do not have the nationality of any country and are therefore not protected by the laws of any country

Access to Safe water

Access to water that is not contaminated by disease causing pathogens such as bacteria or viruses or chemicals such as lead and mercury. Safe water is required for consumption, food preparation, hand washing and hygiene

Sanitation

The provision of facilities and services for the safe disposal of human waste to maintain hygienic conditions. It may include services like garbage collection and wastewater disposal. People with inadequate sanitation may not have access to a flushing toilet and may be forced to open defecate.

Legal rights

Entitlements and protections guaranteed by law that ensures people can access specific services, freedoms and a fair standard of living

Social security systems

Governments providing extra financial assistance to people who can’t access the resources they need to be socially secure